بررسی اثر کودهای زیستی و سطوح نیتروژن بر صفات زراعی و شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن در ذرت علوفه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تاکستان، گروه زراعت، تاکستان، ایران

2 گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تاکستان، ایران.

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره) شهرری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

4 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تاکستان، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: ارزیابی تأثیر کودهای زیستی و سطوح نیتروژن بر صفات زراعی و شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن در ذرت علوفه‌ای
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش طی سال‌های 1395 و 1396 در مزرعه تحقیقات علوم دامی استان البرز به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایش شامل کود نیتروژن در چهار سطح (0، 50، 100، 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و کود زیستی در هشت سطح (عدم تلقیح، ازتوباکتر، میکوریزا، آزوسپریلیوم، ازتوباکتر + میکوریزا، ازتوباکتر + آزوسپیریلوم، میکوریزا + آزوسپریلیوم، میکوریزا + ازتوباکتر + آزوسپریلیوم) به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند.
نتایج: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر متقابل کودهای ازته بر عملکرد علوفه معنی‌دار بود. افزایش مصرف نیتروژن تا 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار باعث افزایش عملکرد علوفه تر شد. استفاده از کودهای زیستی، به‌تنهایی یا به‌صورت ترکیبی در تمام کاربردهای کود ازته، باعث افزایش عملکرد علوفه شد؛ اما اثر ترکیبی کودهای زیستی بیشترین تأثیر را داشت. بااین‌حال، افزایش عملکرد در سطوح پایین‌تر کود نیتروژن، به‌ویژه در تیمار شاهد (بدون استفاده ازت). بیشترین کارایی زراعی نیتروژن در تیمار 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار مشاهده شد و در این شرایط، تفاوت بین تیمارهای کودهای زیستی آشکارتر بود، به‌طوری‌که استفاده ترکیبی از کودهای زیستی بیشترین کارایی زراعی نیتروژن را داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده ترکیبی از کودهای زیستی با کود نیتروژن کمتر (100 کیلوگرم در هکتار) می‌تواند ضمن دستیابی به عملکرد قابل‌قبول دانه و علوفه، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن را در تولید ذرت بهبود بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of the Bbiofertilizers and Nitrogen Rates on Agronomic Traits and Nitrogen Efficiency Indices of Corn

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehran Karimi 1
  • Saeed Sayfzadeh 2
  • Alireza Pazoki 3
  • Hamidreza Zakerin 1
  • Ismail Hadidi Masouleh 4
1 Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Department of Agriculture, Takestan, Iran
2 Faculty member, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch,, Iran
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of biofertilizers and nitrogen levels on agronomic traits and nitrogen efficiency indices of corn
Materials and Methods: This experiment was performed during 2016 and 2017 in the Animal Science Research Farm of Alborz Province as a split plot and in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors include nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (0, 50, 100, 200 kg.ha-1) as the main plots and biofertilizer at eight levels (no inoculation, Aztobacter, Mycorrhiza, Azospirillum, Aztobacter + Mycorrhiza, Aztobacter + Azospirillum, Mycorrhiza + Azospirillum, Mycorrhiza + Azotobacter + Azospirillum) as sub-plots were considered.
Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of nitrogen fertilizers on forage yield was significant. The results showed that increasing nitrogen application to 200 kg.ha-1 increased forage yield. The use of biofertilizers, either alone or in combination in all nitrogen fertilizer applications, increased forage yield. But the combined effect of biofertilizers had the greatest effect. However, the increase in yield was higher at lower levels of nitrogen fertilizer, especially in the control treatment (no nitrogen application). The highest nitrogen agronomical efficiency was observed in the treatment of 50 kg.ha-1 and in this case, the difference between the biofertilizer treatments was more obvious, so that the combined use of biofertilizers had the highest nitrogen agronomical efficiency.
Conclusion: Combined application of biofertilizers with less nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg.ha-1) can improve the nitrogen use efficiency in corn production while achieving acceptable grain and forage yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizer
  • Nitrogen
  • Forage corn
  • Forage yield
  • Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 32، شماره 3
آبان 1401
صفحه 1-16

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