ارزیابی تنوع زیستی محصولات کشاورزی در استان مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران.

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 آگرواکولوژی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

اهداف: این تحقیق با هدف بررسی وضعیت تنوع زیستی محصولات زراعی و باغی در استان مازندران انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: داده‌‌های مورد نیاز شامل سطح زیر کشت مهم‌ترین گیاهان زراعی و باغی در 19 شهرستان استان مازندران طی سال‌های 93-1377 توسط سالنامه آماری وزارت جهاد کشاورزی و مصاحبه حضوری با کارشناسان جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان‌ها جمع‌آوری شد. شاخص‌‌های شانون- واینر، مارگالف، منهینیک، غالبیت سیمپسون و یکنواختی گونه‌ها با استفاده از رابطه‌های مربوطه محاسبه شد.
یافته‌ها: بیشترین شاخص مارگالف بین محصولات زراعی در شهرستان‌های بهشهر، رامسر و ساری، به ترتیب 30/1، 27/1 و 13/1 و کمترین آن در محمودآباد، تنکابن و نوشهر به ترتیب 35/0، 48/0 و 64/0 بدست آمد. بین محصولات باغی، بیشترین مقدار این شاخص در محمود‌آباد، چالوس و بهشهر به ترتیب 60/3، 35/3 و 25/3 و کمترین آن در تنکابن، جویبار و میان‌دورود به ترتیب 15/2، 23/2 و 61/2 مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین شاخص سیمپسون بین محصولات زراعی در میان‌دورود، نکا و ساری به ترتیب 76/0، 73/0 و 72/0 محاسبه شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: تنوع محصولات کشاورزی استان مازندران در دوره آماری مورد بررسی، کاهش یافته است. در اغلب شهرستان‌ها بیشترین سطح زیر کشت گیاهان زراعی به برنج، گندم و جو اختصاص داشت. به نظر می‌رسد با ایجاد زیرساخت‌های مناسب و آموزش و تشویق کشاورزان به تولید محصولات متنوع کشاورزی، می‌توان زمینه استفاده از خدمات تنوع زیستی را در بوم نظام‌های کشاورزی فراهم کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the Biodiversity of Agricultural Products in Mazandaran Province -Assessment of the Biodiversity of Agricultural Products in Mazandaran Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pooya Aalaee Bazkiaee 1
  • H.R. Shahhoseini 3
1 PhD student, Department of Agriculture, Plant production College, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.
3 zabol uni.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the biodiversity of crops and horticultural products in Mazandaran province.
Materials and Methods: The required data include the area under cultivation of the most important crops and the most important horticultural plants for 19 cities of Mazandaran province in 1998-2014 were extracted through statistical yearbook of the Ministry of agricultural jihad and a face-to-face interview with experts and managers of agricultural jihad. Berger-Parker, Shannon, Margalof, Manhink, Simpson and uniformity indexes were calculated using the relevant equations.
Results: Among crops, the highest Margalof index was observed in Behshahr, Ramsar and Sari counties with values of 1.30, 1.27 and 1.13, respectively and the lowest was in Mahmudabad, Tonekabon and Nowshahr with values of 0.35, 0.48 and 0.64, respectively. Among horticultural products, the highest Margalof index was observed in Mahmudabad, Chalos and Behshahr with values of 3.60, 3.35 and 3.25, respectively and the lowest was observed in Tonekabon, Joybar and Miandorud with values of 2.15, 2.23 and 2.61, respectively. Among crops, the highest simpson index was observed in Miandorud, Neka and Sari with values of 0.76, 0.73 and 0.72, respectively.
Conclusion: The diversity of agricultural products in Mazandaran province has decreased during the statistical period. In most cities, rice, wheat and barley were the most cultivated crops. By creating appropriate infrastructure, training of farmers and encouraging them to produce various agricultural products, it is possible to provide the necessary conditions for the use of unparalleled biodiversity services in the agricultural ecosystems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Manhink
  • Margalf
  • Shannon
  • Simpson
  • Uniformity
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