تاثیر کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی، سبز و ورمی کمپوست بر عملکرد دانه، کمیت و کیفیت روغن کلزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

2 دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی- اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اگرواکولوژی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

4 دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی-اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه

چکیده

این آزمایش بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با هشت تیمار و سه تکرار در شهرستان میاندوآب در سال‌های 1398 و 1399 اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل شاهد (عدم کاربرد کود)، کاربرد کود شیمیایی، کشت خالص جو (Hordeum vulgare L.)، کشت خالص نخود فرنگی (Pisum sativum L.)، 75 درصد نخود فرنگی+ 25 درصد جو، 50 درصد نخود فرنگی+ 50 درصد جو و 25 درصد نخود فرنگی+ 75 درصد جو و ورمی‌کمپوست بودند. بیشترین تعداد دانه در خورجین، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک با کاربرد کود شیمیایی بدون تفاوت معنی‌دار با تیمار کود سبز 50 درصد نخود فرنگی+ 50 درصد جو بدست آمد. علاوه بر این، بیشترین میزان درصد و عملکرد روغن در تیمار کود سبز 50 درصد نخود فرنگی+ 50 درصد جو بدست آمد و بعد از آن در تیمار کود سبز 75 درصد نخود فرنگی+ 25 درصد جو مشاهده شد. آنالیز شیمیایی روغن دانه مشخص کرد در همه تیمارها اولئیک اسید، لینولئیک اسید و پالمیتیک اسید غالب‌ترین ترکیبات روغن دانه بودند. به طوری که، بیشترین درصد اسید اولئیک (43/92) با کاربرد کود سبز 50 درصد نخود فرنگی+50 درصد جو حاصل شد. همچنین بیشترین درصد لینولئیک اسید (07/6) با کاربرد کود آلی ورمی‌کمپوست مشاهده شد. در حالی که بیشترین درصد پالمیتیک اسید (38/3) به تیمار کود سبز 25 درصد نخود فرنگی+ 75 درصد جو تعلق داشت. به طور کلی بیشترین و کمترین اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای کود سبز 50 درصد نخود فرنگی+50 درصد جو و 25 درصد نخود فرنگی+ 75 درصد جو حاصل شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of green fertilizer, vermicompost, and chemical fertilizer on grain yield, oil content, and composition of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • abdollah javanmard 1
  • mohammad haghaninia 2
  • fariborz shekari 1
  • shirin khoskan 3
  • Ali Ostadi 4
2 -Ph.D student of Agrotechnology- crop Ecology, Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran.
3 M.Sc. student of Agroecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
4 Ph.D. student of Agrotechnology – Crop Ecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh
چکیده [English]

A field experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 8 treatments and three replications in two successive stages in the Miandoab city, Iran during 2019 and 2020. The results showed all studied traits except harvest index were significantly affected by different fertilizer sources. The highest number of grain per pod, 1000 grain weight, seed, and biological yield of rapeseed were obtained with the application of chemical fertilizer without significant difference with a green manure of 50% P+ 50% B. In addition, the maximum oil content and yield were obtained in green manure of 50% P+ 50% B followed by 75% P+ 25% B. Chemical analysis of the rapeseed oil demonstrated that in all treatments, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid were the main dominant components. So that, the highest (92.43%) and lowest (83.37%) of oleic acid were achieved in 50% P+ 50% B and control treatments, respectively. Also, the highest of (6.07%) linoleic acid was observed in vermicompost treatment. While the highest percentage of palmitic acid (92.43%) has belonged to green manure treatment of 25% P+ 75% B. Generally, the maximum (92.61%) and minimum (88%) of unsaturated fatty acids were achieved in 50% P+ 50% B and 25% P+ 75% B green manure treatments, respectively. Considering that the greatest amount of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were obtained by application of 50% P+ 50% B green manure.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Green manure
  • Organic fertilizer
  • Oil grain
  • Sustainable agriculture
  • Rape seed
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