بررسی سن مزرعه و کاربرد کود بیولوژیک فسفر و پتاس بر خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد یونجه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد اراک

3 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه زراعت، عضو هیأت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

5 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد جیرف

چکیده

اهداف: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر کودهای بیولوژیک پتاسیم و فسفر بر خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد یونجه رقم نیکشهری در سنین مختلف انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش براساس تجزیه مرکب و به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی دو سال متوالیتحت شرایط اقلیمی شهرستان جیرفت، استان کرمان پیاده شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل عمر یونجه (یکساله، سه‌ساله و پنج ساله) و کود بیولوژیک (شاهد، پتابارور، فسفاته‌بارورII، ترکیب توام پتابارور و فسفاته‌بارورII) بود. کودهای بیولوژیک به صورت محلول در آب آبیاری استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: بررسی نتایج حاصل از تجزیه مرکب داده ها نشان داد بین سنین مختلف یونجه اختلاف معنی‌داری از نظر برخی خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد وجود داشت. به‌طوری که بیشترین میزان عملکرد و خصوصیات رشدی مربوط به یونجه‌های سه ساله بود و با افزایش سن یونجه به پنج سال، میزان عملکرد به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. بررسی اثر کودهای بیولوژیک نشان داد که بیشترین میزان خصوصیات رشدی (به‌جز فاصله میانگره) و عملکرد مربوط به تیمار پتابارور + فسفاته‌بارورII بود که از نظر شاخص سطح برگ و نسبت وزن برگ به ساقه اختلاف معنی‌داری با تیمار پتابارور نداشت. اثر متقابل سن مزرعه و کود بیولوژیک نشان داد که کاربرد ترکیبی کودهای بیولوژیک سبب بهبود خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد مزرعه یونجه مسن‌تر شد و بیشترین میزان عملکرد مربوط به مزارع سه ساله و کاربرد ترکیب دو کود بیولوژیک بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد توام کودهای بیولوژیک پتاس (پتابارور) و فسفر (فسفاته‌بارورII) می‌تواند راهکاری کارآمد برای کاهش افت عملکرد یونجه در سنین بالا باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of age and application of phosphorus and potassium biological fertilizer on growth characteristics and yield of alfalfa

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Marani 1
  • Hamid Madani 2
  • Hossein Heidari Sharifabad 3
  • Gholamreza Afsharmanesh 4
  • Mohamad Hossein Shirzadi 5
1 Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft Branch, Jiroft, Iran
2 Arak branch-Islamic Azad University- Arak-Iran
3 Prof. of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
4 South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Jiroft, Iran
5 Jiroft Brach- Islamic Azad University
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of potassium and phosphorus biofertilizers on growth characteristics and yield of alfalfa (cv. ‘Nikshahri’) at different ages.
Materials and Methods: This combined experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during two consecutive years under the climatic conditions of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran. The studied factors included alfalfa age (one, three and five-years old) and bio-fertilizers (Control, Pota-Barvar, Phosphate Barvar II, Pota-Barvar + Phosphate Barvar II). The biofertilizers were used along with irrigation water.
Results: The results of the combined variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between different ages of alfalfa in terms of some growth characteristics and yield. The highest yield and growth characteristics were related to three-year-old plants and the yield significantly decreased by increasing the age to 5-years old. Based on the results, the highest growth characteristics (except internode length) and yield were related to Pota-Barvar + Phosphate Barvar II treatment, which was not significantly different with Pota-Barvar treatment in term of leaf area index and leaf: stem weight ratio. The interaction effect of age and biofertilizer showed that the combined application of biofertilizers improved the growth characteristics and yield of the older alfalfa plants and the highest yield was found in 3-years old plants treated by combination of both biofertilizers.
Conclusion: The combined application of both biofertilizers (PotaBarvar + Phosphate Barvar II) can be an effective way to prevent alfalfa yield decline in old farms.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alfalfa
  • Biofertilizer
  • Leaf area
  • Plant height
  • Yield
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