بررسی ویژگی‏های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی ارقام و لاین‏های امیدبخش سورگوم دانه‌ای [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] تحت تنش خشکی آخر فصل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج ، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

4 دانشیار، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

5 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: این مطالعه به‌منظور بررسی برخی از مکانیسم‌های فیزیولوژیکی تحمل به خشکی در ژنوتیپ‌های سورگوم دانه‌ای انجام شد.

مواد و روش‏ها: آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در کرج اجرا شد. رژیم آبیاری به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح، شامل آبیاری نرمال، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید و ژنوتیپ به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در پنج سطح بررسی شدند.

یافته‏ها: تنش خشکی سبب کاهش عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه، محتوی کلروفیل، هدایت روزنه‌ای و پتانسیل اسمزی و افزایش دمای کانوپی، پرولین و قندهای محلول شد. تحت آبیاری معمول بیشترین عملکرد دانه (8994 کیلوگرم درهکتار) توسط رقم کیمیا به دست آمد درحالیکه حداکثر عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش ملایم و شدید (7633 و 6275 کیلوگرم درهکتار) در رقم فومن ثبت گردید. همچنین در شرایط تنش، رقم فومن بیشترین میزان هدایت روزنه‌ای و کمترین درصدکاهش عملکرد در مقایسه با آبیاری نرمال را نشان داد. علاوه بر این کمترین دمای کانوپی درشرایط تنش ملایم و شدید (به‌ترتیب 40/32 و 63/32 درجه سانتی‌گراد) در رقم فومن ثبت گردید.

نتیچه‏گیری: به‌طورکلی رقم فومن با کارآیی جذب آب بالاتر نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها که به صورت هدایت روزنه‌ای بیشتر و دمای کانوپی پائین‌تر نمود پیدا کرد، توانست با سازوکار اجتناب از شدت تنش کم‌آبی در گیاه بکاهد و حداکثر عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش خشکی را تولید نماید. رقم کیمیا نیز از طریق کاهش پتانسیل اسمزی و افزایش تجمع اسمولیت‌هایی مانند قندهای محلول و پرولین، توانست قدرت جذب آب خود را افزایش دهد و عملکرد نسبتاً مطلوبی در شرایط تنش تولید نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of morphophysiological characteristics of cultivars and promising lines of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] under late season drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azim Khazaei 1
  • Maryam Shahbazi 2
  • Atefeh Sabouri 3
  • Zahra sadat Shobbar 4
  • Farid Golzardi 5
1 Assistant professor of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Assoc.Prof., Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Assoc.Prof., Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
4 Assoc.Prof., Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
5 Assistant professor, Seed and plant improvement institute (SPII), Agricultural researcher, Education and extension organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: This study aimed to investigate some physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in grain sorghum genotypes.

Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a split plots design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Karaj. Irrigation regime as the main factor in three levels, including normal irrigation , mild stress, and severe stress and genotype as the sub-factor at five levels were evaluated.

Results: Drought stress decreased biological yield, grain yield, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductivity, and osmotic potential and increased the canopy temperature, proline, and soluble sugars. Under normal irrigation, the highest grain yield (8994 kgha-1) was obtained by cultivar Kimia. In contrast, the maximum grain yield under mild and severe stress conditions (7633 and 6275 kgha-1) was recorded in cultivar Fouman. Also, under stress conditions, cultivar Fouman showed the highest stomatal conductivity and the lowest percentage of yield reduction compared to normal irrigation. In addition, the lowest canopy temperature was recorded in Fouman cultivar under mild and severe stress conditions(32.40 and 32.63 °C, respectively).

Conclusion: Overall, cultivar Fooman with higher water uptake efficiency than other genotypes, which showed more stomatal conductivity and lower canopy temperature, was able to reduce the severity of water deficit stress in the plant and produce maximum grain yield under drought stress. Cultivar Kimia was able to increase its water absorption capacity and produce a relatively good yield under stress conditions by reducing the osmotic potential and increasing the accumulation of osmolytes such as soluble sugars and proline.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canopy temperature
  • Genotype
  • Grain yield
  • Osmotic potential
  • Proline

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 32، شماره 4
دی 1401
صفحه 201-215

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