مقایسه پایداری نظام‌های تولید گندم‌آبی و ذرت‌دانه‌ای با رویکرد تحلیل امرژی (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبریز دز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه محیط‌زیست (ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران.دانشجوی دکتری گروه

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تاکستان، ایران.

4 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران

5 استاد گروه نقشه برداری و ژئوانفورماتیک، دانشکده علوم زمین و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه جیائوتنگ جنوب غربی، چنگدو، چین.

چکیده

اهداف: سیستم‌های تولید غلات در ایران اغلب با هزینه بالا و بهره‌وری پایین همراه است و به واسطه مصرف و کاربرد بی-رویه نهاده‌ها، صدمات جبران ناپذیری به محیط‌زیست وارد می‌نمایند. یکی از مهمترین مسائل مدیریت کارآمد در مزارع، دستیابی به عملکرد پایدار است. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین و مقایسه پایداری اکولوژیکی دو بوم نظام تولید گندم‌آبی و ذرت-دانه‌ای با استفاده از تحلیل امرژی انجام گردید.

مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه در سطح حوضه آبریز دز در سال زراعی 1399-1398 به اجرا درآمد. مصاحبه با 400 زارع گندم کار و ذرت کار بر اساس پرسشنامه جهت جمع آوری داده‌های مربوط به فرآیندهای تولید درون مزارع کشاورزی صورت پذیرفت. در این بررسی ابزار تحلیل امرژی برای اندازه گیری پایداری محصولات کشاورزی مورد‌نظر انتخاب گردید. نهایتاً با استفاده از مقدار شاخص‌های امرژی پایداری سیستم‌ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.

یافته‌ها: مجموع امرژی‌های ورودی برای بوم نظام تولید گندم و ذرت به ترتیب 16+E60347/1 و 16+E54883/2 ام‌ژول خورشیدی در هکتار در سال بدست آمد. نتایج ارزیابی مقایسه دو کشت زراعی این مطالعه نشان داد که هر دو نظام کشت از نظر زیست محیطی در شرایط ناپایداری قرار داشتند و از کل نهاده‌های مصرفی؛ کودهای شیمیایی بویژه کود نیترات و فسفات و سپس سوخت مصرفی گازوئیل بیشترین تأثیر را بر ناپایداری زیست محیطی در منطقه مطالعاتی داشته‌اند.

نتیجه‌گیری: مشخص گردید که بوم نظام تولید گندم از لحاظ عملکرد، تجدیدپذیری و پایداری محیطی از بوم نظام تولید ذرت مطلوب‌تر است و تولید گندم در منطقه نظام برتر برای دستیابی به پایداری نسبت به تولید ذرت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of sustainability of irrigated wheat and grain maize production systems with emergy analysis approach (Case study: Dez catchment)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasim Zadehdabagh 1
  • seyed masood monavari 2
  • Nargess Kargari 3
  • Lobat Taghavi 4
  • Saeid Pirasteh 5
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant. Prof., Department of Environmental Science, Takestan branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
5 Professor, Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.
چکیده [English]

Background and objective: Cereal production systems in Iran are often associated with high costs and low productivity, improper use of inputs causes irreversible damage to the environment. Efficient farm management is one of the most important issues in achieving sustainable performance. This study aimed to determine and compare the ecological sustainability of two production ecosystems of irrigated wheat and grain maize using emergy analysis.

Material and methods: This research was carried out in the cropping year of 2019-2020 in Dez catchment. Interviews were conducted with 400 farmers of wheat and maize based on a questionnaire to collect data on production processes in farms. In this study, the emergy analysis method was selected to measure the sustainability of the desired agricultural products. Finally, the sustainability of the systems was evaluated using the value of emergy indicators.


Results: The total emergy inputs for the irrigated wheat and maize production ecosystems were 1.60347E+16 and 2.54883E+16 sej ha-1 per year, respectively. The results indicated the production of both crops is in an environmentally unsustainable condition, and of all consumption inputs; chemical fertilizers, especially nitrate and phosphate, and then diesel have the most impact on environmental unsustainability in the study area.

Conclusion: As a final result, the ecosystem of irrigated wheat production is more desirable than grain maize in terms of yield, renewability, and environmental sustainability, and wheat production in the region is the superior system for achieving sustainability compared to maize production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cereals
  • Dez catchment
  • Emergy Indicators
  • Environmental Impact Assessment
  • Sustainable Agriculture
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