بهبود رشد و محصول دانه سیاه ‏دانه (Nigella sativa L.) با تلفیق نیتروژن و مالچ کاه ‌وکلش گندم در فواصل مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد شناسایی و مبارزه با علف‏های هرز، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: مقدار نیتروژن مناسب و اثرهای مثبت مالچ کاه‌وکلش گندم در گیاهان دارویی برای کاهش اثرهای منفی تنش خشکی و به دست آوردن محصول بالا مهم به نظر می‌رسد.

مواد و روش‏ها: در این پژوهش رشد و محصول بذر توده محلی گیاه سیاه‏دانه (.Nigella sativa L) با تلفیق نیتروژن و مالچ کاه‌ و کلش گندم در فواصل مختلف آبیاری بررسی شد. این پژوهش بصورت اسپلیت‏پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. فاکتور اول فواصل مختلف آبیاری در سه سطح شامل 25، 50 و 75 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی و فاکتور دوم در شش سطح شامل 50 کیلوگرم اوره، 50 کیلوگرم اوره+مالچ کاه ‌وکلش گندم، 100 کیلوگرم اوره، 100 کیلوگرم اوره+مالچ کاه ‌وکلش گندم، مالچ کاه‌ وکلش گندم و شاهد بود.

یافته‏ها: افزایش فواصل آبیاری سبب کاهش میزان غلظت عناصر برگ شد. همچنین افزایش نشت یونی و کاهش مقدار نسبی آب برگ در 75 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی مشاهده شد. کاربرد مالچ کاه‌ وکلش گندم توانست سبب کاهش نشت یونی برگ سیاه‏دانه در شرایط تنش خشکی شود. کود اوره سبب افزایش مقدار رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی گردید. در 25 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی، وزن خشک شاخساره مصرف 100 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار و تلفیق آن با مالچ به ترتیب افزایش 7/8 و 1/7 درصدی نسبت به شاهد نشان داد. همچنین بیشترین شاخص برداشت و اجزای محصول در استفاده از مالچ کاه‌ وکلش گندم در تلفیق با کود اوره مشاهده شد.

نتیجه‏گیری: در مجموع کاربرد 100 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار در تلفیق با مالچ کاه‌ وکلش گندم برای کاشت سیاه‏دانه قابل توصیه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving the growth and yield of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) by combining nitrogen and wheat straw mulch at different irrigation intervals

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolali Karimi 1
  • Mohammad reza Baziar 2
1 M.Sc. graduated of Weeds Identification and Control, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran
چکیده [English]

The appropriate amount of nitrogen consumption and the positive effects of wheat straw mulch in medicinal plants are important to reduce the negative effects of drought stress and achieve high yield.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, the growth and yield of black seed by combining nitrogen and wheat straw mulch at different irrigation intervals. This research was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design. The first factor is different irrigation intervals in three levels including 25, 50 and 75% moisture drainage and the second factor in six levels includes 50 and 100 kg of urea per hectare in combination with mulch and consumption alone, mulch and control.

Results:
Increasing irrigation intervals decreased the amount of leaf elements. Also, an increase in ion leakage and decrease in the relative leaf water content were observed in 75% of moisture depletion. Application of wheat straw mulch was able to reduce ion leakage of black seed under drought stress conditions. Urea was effective in increasing nitrogen uptake and as a result increased the amount of photosynthetic pigments. At 25% moisture discharge, shoot dry weight per 100 kg of urea with wheat mulch and consumption alone showed an increase of 8.7% and 7.1%, respectively, compared to the control. The highest harvest index and yield components were observed in the use of mulch in combination with urea.

Conclusion:
In total, the application of 100 kg of urea per hectare in combination with wheat straw mulch for planting black seed is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll
  • Harvest index
  • Ion leakage
  • Phosphorus
  • Relative water content
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