ارزیابی تأثیر ویژگی‌های خاک‌ بر روند تصاعد گازهای گلخانه‌ای در اراضی کشاورزی استان سمنان (مطالعه موردی: منطقه بسطام)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 گروه اقلیم شناسی، دانشکده جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

4 موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر تصاعد گازهای گلخانه‌ای در اثر فعالیت‌های کشاورزی قابل‌توجه بوده است. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی میزان تصاعد گازهای دی اکسید کربن و متان در اراضی کشاورزی استان سمنان و منطقه بسطام شامل: زردآلو، انگور، گندم، جو، ذرت علوفه‌ای و مراتع است.
مواد و روش‌ها: برای این منظور نمونه‌های خاک از عمق 30-0 سانتیمتری برداشت شد. ویژگی‌های خاک شامل شوری، pH، درصد شن، سیلت و رس، ماد آلی، نیتروژن کل، فسفر، پتاسیم و کربنات کلسیم معادل اندازه‌گیری شدند. از اتاقک‌های بسته ساکن برای نمونه‌برداری گاز استفاده شد و در هر محصول کشت شده و کاربری، تعداد 3 تا 5 نقطه و مجموع 31 نقطه انتخاب شدند. در نهایت مقدار گاز گلخانه‌ای، پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی و هزینه‌های زیست‌محیطی محاسبه گردید.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج بیش‌ترین تصاعد گاز دی اکسید کربن برای ذرت علوفه‌ای در فصل پاییز، با میانگین 3 گرم در مترمربع در روز و کمترین تصاعد برای مرتع در فصل پاییز با میانگین 25/0 گرم در مترمربع در روز مشاهده گردید. برای گاز متان نتایج نشان داد که ذرت علوفه‌ای در دو فصل پاییز دارای بیش‌ترین تصاعد گاز با میانگین 3 گرم کربن در مترمربع در روز و کمترین تصاعد برای مرتع در فصل پاییز با میانگین 03/1 گرم کربن در مترمربع در روز بود. همچنین نتایج آزمون همبستگی گازهای متصاعد شده با ویژگی‌های خاک حاکی از همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار به ترتیب 45/0 و 48/0 کربن آلی خاک با تصاعد دو گاز دی اکسید کربن و متان بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of some soil properties in agricultural lands of Semnan province and its effect on greenhouse gas emissions trends (Case study: Bastam region))

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mirnaser Navidi 1
  • Mansour Chatrenour 2
  • nasrin moradimajd 3
  • Javad seyed Mohammadi 4
1 Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objectives: In recent years, the increased of greenhouse gases due to agricultural activities has been significant. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent of carbon dioxide and methane emissions in agricultural lands of Semnan province and Bastam region, including: apricots, grapes, wheat, barley, corn, forage and pastures.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-30 cm. Soil properties including salinity, pH, percentage of sand, silt and clay, organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium carbonate were measured. Closed static chambers were used for gas sampling and in each cultivated and used product, 3 to 5 points and total of 31 points were selected. Finally, the amount of greenhouse gas, global warming potential and environmental costs were calculated.
Results: Based on the results, the highest carbon dioxide emissions were observed for fodder corn in autumn with an average of 3 g / m2 / day and the lowest emissions for pastures in autumn with an average of 0.25 g / m2 / day. For methane gas, the results showed that forage corn in the two autumn seasons had the highest gas emissions with an average of 3 g / m2 / day and the lowest emissions for pastures in autumn with an average of 1.03 g / m2 / day.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Global Warming Potential
  • Soil Properties
  • Carbon Gases
  • Semnan Province
  • Closed Chamber
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