مطالعه اکولوژیک وضعیت همزیستی قارچ‌های آربوسکولار در زیست‌بوم‌های زراعی و مرتعی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه سراب، استان آذربایجان شرقی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز.

3 دانشیار ایمنیشناسی پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات ایمونولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز

4 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

اهداف: دستیابی به کشاورزی پایدار، در سایه توازن میان گیاه و خاک، امکان‌پذیر بوده و به توانایی خاک و گیاه در حمایت از ریزجانداران بومی و متنوع نظیر قارچ‌های میکوریز بستگی دارد. این قارچ‌ها با افزایش رشد گیاه میزبان و توسعه و تحریک تراوه‌های ریشه به‌ویژه گلومالین، سبب بهبود کیفیت خاک و پایداری قابل‌ملاحظه زیست‌بوم خاک می‌شوند. تغییر مراتع به کاربری‌های زراعی می‌تواند بر وضعیت همزیستی این قارچ‌ها تأثیر گذاشته و پایداری زیست‌بومها را به مخاطره بیندازد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در منطقه‌ای به وسعت km2 310 در دشت سراب انجام شد. مزارع گندم، یونجه و سیب زمینی به‌عنوان کاربری‌های زراعی و مراتع همجوار به‌عنوان خاک‌های شاهد در نظر گرفته شدند. در هر کاربری تعداد 30 نمونه از خاک ریزوسفر و ریشه گیاهان موردِنظر و در کل 120 نمونه برداشت شد. درصد کلنیزاسیون میکوریزی و مقدار گلومالین ریشه و برخی ویژگی‌های خاک اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: درصد کلنیزاسیون ریشه در مزارع یونجه در مقایسه با سایر کاربری‌ها، بیشترین مقدار را داشت. مقدار گلومالین ریشه در بین کاربری‌ها، تفاوت معنادار نداشت. فسفر قابل‌جذب خاک در غلظت‌های کمتر از mg kg-150 بر کلنیزاسیون میکوریزی اثر مثبت داشت درحالیکه در بالاتر از این مقدار، درصد کلنیزاسیون به‌طور قابل‌ملاحظه کاهش یافت.
نتیجه‌گیری: کلنیزاسیون گیاهان چندساله بیشتر از گیاهان یکساله بود و فسفر قابل‌جذب مهمترین ویژگی خاک بود که در غلظت‌های زیاد، کلنیزاسیون میکوریزی ریشه را به‌طور معنادار کاهش داد ولی ارتباط معناداری میان مقدار گلومالین ریشه و فسفر قابل‌جذب خاک در کاربری‌های مختلف اراضی مشاهده نشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ecological Study on Symbiotic Status of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agricultural and Rangeland Ecosystems (Case Study: Sarab Region, East Azerbaijan Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • َArezou Siami 1
  • Nasser Aliasgharzad 2
  • Leili Aghebati Maleki 3
  • Nosratollah Najafi 4
  • Farzin Shahbazi 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz
2 Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz
3 Assistant Professor of Medical Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
4 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

Sustainable agriculture is achievable by establishing a balance between plant and soil, and depends on the ability of soil and plant to support native and diverse microorganisms such as mycorrhizal fungi. These fungi by increasing the growth of the host plant and the development and stimulation of root secretions especially glomalin, plays an important role in considerable stability in soil ecosystem. Changing rangelands to agricultural uses can affect the symbiosis of these fungi and endanger the stability of ecosystems.
This study was conducted in an area of 310 km2 in Sarab plain, The wheat, alfalfa, and potato fields were considered as agricultural uses of neighboring rangelands as control soils. From each land use, 30 samples were taken from the rhizosphere soil and roots of the plants and a total of 120 samples were taken. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization and the amount of root glomalin and some soil properties were measured.
Results: The root colonization was the highest in alfalfa compared to other land uses. Root glomalin was not statistically different between land uses. Soil available phosphorus had positive effect on root colonization at lower content (< 50 mg kg-1) while colonization percent showed a marked decrease above this level.
Conclusion: Colonization of perennial plants was more than annual plants and available phosphorus was the most important soil property that had an effect on fungal colonization of plant roots. However, no significant relationship was observed between contents of root glomalin and soil available phosphorus in different land uses.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Glomalin
  • Land use
  • Mycorrhizal fungi
  • Rangeland soils
  • Root colonization

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 33، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 1-16

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