تاثیر کاربرد سلنیوم بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد دانه و درصد روغن دو رقم گلرنگ تحت شرایط کم آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت واصلاح نباتات، واحد نراق, دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، نراق، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران

3 گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی سلنیوم بر اجزای عملکرد دانه و روغن ارقام گلرنگ تحت تنش خشکی،آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 93-1392 در محلات انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل آبیاری (در سه سطح آبیاری طبق عرف منطقه، قطع آبیاری درمرحله تشکیل طبق و قطع آبیاری در مرحله گرد‌ افشانی) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی، کاربرد سلنیوم (در سه مقدار 0، 20 و 40 گرم در هکتار) و دو رقم گلرنگ (سینا و محلی اصفهان) به عنوان فاکتورهای فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند.نتایج نشان داد خشکی باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته، سطح برگ، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن و عملکرد روغن ارقام گلرنگ گردید. قطع آبیاری در مرحله گرده‌افشانی منجر به بیشترین کاهش عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن بترتیب به میزان 6/31 و 7/39 درصد در مقایسه با آبیاری کامل گردید. بیشترین عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و عملکرد روغن در آبیاری کامل و کاربرد۴۰ گرم در هکتار سلنیوم و به ترتیب به میزان 3987، 9514 و 609 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد. کاربرد سلنیوم در تیمارهای قطع آبیاری باعث کاهش معنی داراثرات خشکی بر اجزای عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و عملکرد روغن شد. رقم محلی اصفهان دارای بالاترین تعداد طبق بارور در بوته، تعداد دانه در طبق، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و عملکرد روغن بود. بنابراین می‌توان با کاربرد 40 گرم در هکتار سلنیوم و کاشت رقم محلی اصفهان، ضمن کاهش اثرات خشکی، در شرایط بدون تنش هم افزایش عملکرد دانه و روغن را به دست آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Selenium Application on Yield, Yield Components and Oil Percentage of Two Safflower (Carthamus tictorius L.) Cultivars Under Water Deficit Irrigation Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Houra Sadat Shahidi 1
  • Nour Ali Sajedi 2
  • Hamid Dehghanzadeh 3
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Naragh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naragh, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and plant breeding, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
3 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, I.R. of IRAN
چکیده [English]

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of selenium application on yield, yield components and oil yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars under water deficit irrigation conditions as factorial split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Mahalat province, Arak, Iran during 2013-2014 crop season. The main factor included complete irrigation during growing season, cutting irrigation at flowering stage and cutting irrigation at head forming stage. Sub factor was considered application of selenium (including 0, 20 and 40 k/ha) and safflower cultivars (Sina and Mahaly Esfahan). The results showed that the plant height, leaf area, yield and yield components and oil yield of safflower cultivars decreased under water stress treatments. Discontinuation of irrigation in the pollination stage led to the greatest reduction in grain yield and oil yield by 31.6% and 39.7% compared to full irrigation, respectively. The highest grain yield, biological yield and oil yield with average of 3987, 9514 and 609 k/ha by application of 40 g/ha selenium and complete irrigation obtain, respectively. Application of selenium in discontinuation of irrigation regimes due to decrease negative effect of water stress on yield components, grain yield, biological yield and oil yield. The Mahaly Esfahan cultivar had the highest number capitulum per plant, number grain per capitulum, grain yield, biological yield and oil yield. In general, 40 g/ha application of Mahaly Esfahan safflower cultivar with selenium not only can decrease water stress effect but also increase grain yield and oil yield under optimum conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Number grain per capitulum
  • Number capitulum per plant
  • Oil seeds
  • Safflower
  • Water stress
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