تغییرات صفات مورفولوژیکی و محصول دانه ذرت در واکنش‌ به سالیسیلیک اسید تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: با توجه به محدودیت آب در ایران و استفاده گسترده ذرت در تغذیه انسان و دام، در این پژوهش اثر سطوح سالیسیلیک اسید روی برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی و محصول دانه این گیاه زراعی تحت تنش خشکی در مراحل زایشی مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌گیرد.
مواد و روش‌ها: یک آزمایش مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1399 اجرا گردید تا اثر محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید (0، 1، 2 و 3 میلی‌مولار) بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، اجزای محصول و محصول دانه ذرت تحت تیمارهای آبیاری معمول و قطع آبیاری در مراحل زایشی مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. سطوح آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید به ترتیب در کرت‌های اصلی و فرعی قرار گرفتند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که قطع آبیاری از آغاز گلدهی تا رسیدگی سبب افت میانگین ارتفاع بوته، طول بلال، تعداد دانه در بلال و بوته، وزن هزار دانه، محصول دانه، وزن بوته و شاخص برداشت شده است. محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید به-ویژه با غلظت 3 میلی‌مولار موجب افزایش میانگین اغلب این صفات و نیز وزن هزار دانه شد که منجر به بهبود محصول دانه در واحد سطح گردید. وزن هزار دانه، شاخص برداشت، وزن بوته، طول بلال، تعداد دانه در بوته و بلال بیشترین همبستگی مثبت را با محصول دانه ذرت داشتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: تأمین آب در مرحله پر شدن دانه برای دست‌یابی به محصول بیشتر در ذرت ضروری است. محلول‌پاشی 3 میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک اسید تیمار برتر برای افزایش محصول دانه ذرت در شرایط آبیاری معمول و محدود بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in morphology and grain yield of maize in response to salicylic acid under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Amirreza Mousavi 1
  • Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani 2
1 - Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Due to the water limitation in Iran and the widespread use of maize in human and animal feeding, this research was carried out to evaluate the effects of different salicylic acid levels on some morphological traits and grain yield of this crop under drought stress during reproductive stages.
Materials and Methods: A field experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2020 to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) levels (0, 1, 2 and 3 mM) on morphological traits, grain yield and yield components of maize under normal irrigation and irrigation disruptions at reproductive stages. Irrigation and SA levels were assigned to the main and sub plots, respectively.
Results: The results revealed that irrigation disruptions from initial flowering up to maturity caused a significant decrease in the mean plant height, ear length, grains per ear and plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, plant biomass and harvest index. Foliar spray of salicylic acid, especially with 3 mM concentration increased most of these traits as well as 1000-grain weight, leading to an improvement in grain yield per unit area. The 1000-grain weight, harvest index, plant biomass, ear length, grains per plant and ear had the highest positive correlation with grain yield of maize.
Conclusion: Water supply during grain filling stage is necessary to obtain a higher yield in maize. Foliar application of 3 mM salicylic acid was the superior treatment for increasing maize yield under normal and limited irrigation conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plant height
  • Drought stress
  • Growth regulator
  • Maize
  • Grain yield
Abaspor H and Rezaei H. 2014. Effects of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on hill reaction and photosynthetic pigments (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in different levels of drought stress. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2: 2850-2859.
Abdelaal KAA, Attia KA, Alamery SF, El-Afry MM, Ghazy A and Tantawy DS. 2020. Exogenous application of proline and salicylic acid can mitigate the injurious impacts of drought stress on barley plants associated with physiological and histological characters. Sustainability, 12(5): 1736.
Bakry BA, El-Hariri D, Mervat SS and El-Bassiouny HMS. 2012. Drought stress mitigation by foliar application of salicylic acid in two linseed varieties grown under newly reclaimed sandy soil. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7: 3503-3514.
Bettaieb I, Zakhama N, Aidi-Wannes W, Kchouk ME and Marzouk B. 2009. Water deficit effects on Salvia officinalis fatty acids and essential oils composition. Scientia Horticulturae, 120: 271-275.
Dinpazhooh Y, Niazi F and Mofid H. 2015. Trend analysis and considering effect of meteorological parameters in Tabriz. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 51: 145-169. (In Persian)
Ghassemi S, Ghassemi-Golezani K and Zehtab-Salmasi S. 2019. Changes in antioxidant enzymes activities and physiological traits of ajowan in response to water stress and hormonal application. Scientia Horticulturae, 246: 957-964.
Ghassemi-Golezani K and Hosseinzadeh-Mahootchi A. 2015. Improving physiological performance of safflower under salt stress by application of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. WALIA journal, 31: 104-109.
Ghassemi-Golezani k, Heydari S and Dalil B. 2017. Field performance of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars under drought stress. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 111: 25-32.
Ghassemi-Golezani K, Mabudi-Bilasvar H and Dabbagh-Mohammadi-Nassab A. 2019. Improving rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plant performance by exogenous salicylic acid and putrescine under gradual water deficit. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 41: 192.
Hussain HA, Men S, Hussain S, Chen Y, Ali S and Zhang S. 2019. Interactive effects of drought and heat stresses on morpho-physiological attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and oxidative status in maize hybrids. Scientific Reports, 9: 3890.
Hussain HA, Men S, Hussain S, Zhang Q, Ashraf U, Anjum SA, Ali I and Wang L. 2020. Maize tolerance against drought and chilling stresses varied with root morphology and antioxidative defense system. Plants (Basel), 6: 720.
Kareem F, Rihan H and Fuller MP. 2019. The effect of exogenous applications of salicylic acid on drought tolerance and up-regulation of the drought response regulon of Iraqi wheat. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 22: 37-45.
Karimi A, Eghbal Ghobadi M, Ghobadi M and Nosratti I. 2020. Studying the effect of no irrigation on grain yield and physiological characteristics of corn (Zea mays L., S.C.704) in summer planting. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 12: 1151-1163. (In Persian)
Khalvandi M, Siosemardeh A, Roohi E and Keramati S. 2021. Salicylic acid alleviated the effect of drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf protein pattern in winter wheat. Heliyon, 7(1): 5908.
Liu S and Qin F. 2021. Genetic dissection of maize drought tolerance for trait improvement. Molecular Breeding, 41: 8.
Moohamadi Behmadi M and Armin M. 2017. Effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of different corn cultivars in delayed planting conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 4(1): 17-34. (In Persian)
Nordokht M and Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi E. 2018. Effects of water deficit and mycorrhizae on grain yield, reproductive and physiological traits of corn hybrids. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 11: 227-239. (In Persian)
Parveen A, Arslan Ashraf M, Hussain I, Perveen S and Rasheed R. 2021. Promotion of growth and physiological characteristics in water-stressed Triticum aestivum in relation to foliar-application of salicylic acid. Water, 13: 1316.
Pour-Aboughadareh A, Mohammadi R, Etminan A, Shooshtari L, Maleki-Tabrizi N and Poczai P. 2020. Effects of drought stress on some agronomic and morpho-physiological traits in durum wheat genotypes. Sustainability, 12: 5610.
Qaseem MF, Qureshi R and Shaheen H. 2019. Effects of pre-anthesis drought, heat and their combination on the growth, yield and physiology of diverse wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes varying in sensitivity to heat and drought stress. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 6955.
Rezaei Sokht-Abandani R, Siadat SA, Pazoki A, Lak Sh and Mojaddam M. 2018. Effect of drought stress, different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on some physiological and agronomical traits of maize hybrid (Zea mays L.). Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 12: 40-51. (In Persian)
Saeidi M, Moradi F and Abdoli M. 2017. Impact of drought stress on yield, photosynthesis rate, and sugar alcohols contents in wheat after anthesis in semiarid region of Iran. Arid Land Research and Management, 31: 204-218.
Shao RX, Xin LF, Guo JM, Zheng HF and Mao J. 2018. Salicylic acid-induced photosynthetic adaptability of Zea mays L. to polyethylene glycol-simulated water deficit is associated with nitric oxide signaling. Photosynthetica, 56: 1370-1377.
Shemi R, Wang R and Gheith ES. 2021. Effects of salicylic acid, zinc and glycine betaine on morpho-physiological growth and yield of maize under drought stress. Scientific Reports, 11: 3195.
Sohag AAM, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Brestic M and Afrin S. 2020. Exogenous salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide attenuate drought stress in rice. Plant, Soil and Environment, 66: 7-13.
Tahmasebi I and Dolatmand Shahri N. 2017. The effect of the nitrogen and plant density on Photosynthetic capacity, yield components and yield of corn cultivar ‘Mv500’ in summer planting. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 7(1): 87-99. (In Persian)
Wang X, Cai X, Xu C, Wang Q and Dai S. 2016. Drought-responsive mechanisms in plant leaves revealed by proteomics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17: 1-30.
Zhang YB, Yang SL, Dao JM, Deng J and Shahzad AN. 2020. Drought-induced alterations in photosynthetic, ultrastructural and biochemical traits of contrasting sugarcane genotypes. PLOS ONE, 15(7): 235845.