تاثیر مدیریت بر عملکرد جو دیم در شرایط کشت انتظار مناطق سرد: انتخاب رقم و تراکم بذر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهش- مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان شمالی

چکیده

اهداف: هدف از این تحقیق بهبود تولید در مزارع دیم از طریق انتخاب رقم ها و تراکم بذر جو دیم در شرایط کشت انتظار مناطق سرد بود.
مواد و روش ها: آزمایش طی دو سال زراعی 1399-1397 در استان خراسان شمالی به صورت کرت های یک بار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. در این آزمایش رقم های جو بهاره و زمستانه به عنوان کرت اصلی و پنج تراکم 150، 200، 250، 300 و 350 بذر در مترمربع به عنوان کرت فرعی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.
یافته ها: رقم های بهاره همخوانی بهتری برای وقوع مرحله حساس نموی گرده افشانی با دوره مطلوب گلدهی از نظر دما نشان دادند. نتایج نشان داد که در سال اول با وجود برتری عملکرددانه رقم های بهاره این تفاوت معنی دار نبود اما در سال دوم رقم بهاره ماهور با 2393 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین و جو زمستانه آرتان با 1810 کیلوگرم در هکتار کمترین عملکرددانه را نشان دادند که حاکی از برتری 2/32 درصدی عملکرددانه رقم ماهور نسبت به رقم آرتان بود. در هر دو سال اجرای آزمایش تراکم های بذر بالاتر (250، 300 و 350 بذر در مترمربع) حداکثر عملکرددانه را نشان دادند و بر تراکم های بذر کمتر (150 و 200 بذر در مترمربع) برتری عملکرد معنی داری داشتند.
نتیجه گیری: برای کشت انتظار در مناطق سرد، رقم های جو بهاره نظیر خرم، بهدان و ماهور مناسب هستند. تراکم بذر مطلوب برای کشت در شرایط انتظاری دیم 350-250 بذر در مترمربع خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Management on Dryland Barley Yield under Entezar Conditions in Cold Regions: Cultivar Selection and Seed Density

نویسنده [English]

  • alireza khodashenas
assistant professor, North Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Bojnord.
چکیده [English]

Background & Objective: The aim of this research was improvement of dryland farms production by selecting of cultivars and suitable seed density of dryland barley cultivars under entezar conditions of cold regions.
Material& Methods: An experiment was carried out during 2019-2020 in North Khorasan province in the form of split plots in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Dryland spring and winter barley cultivars were evaluated as main plot and five densities of 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 seeds per square meter were evaluated as sub-plots.
Results: Spring cultivars showed better matching for entezar conditions. The results showed that in the first year, despite the superiority of grain yield of spring cultivars, this difference was not significant, but in the second year, spring Mahoor cultivar with 2393 kg / ha showed the highest and Artan winter barley with 1810 kg / ha showed the lowest grain yield, which indicated superiority of 32.2% in grain yield of Mahoor compared to Artan. Higher seed densities (250, 300 and 350 seeds/m2) showed maximum grain yield and were significantly superior to lower seed densities (150 and 200 seeds/m2).
Conclusion: According to the results, for entezar cultivation in cold area, spring barley cultivars such as Khorram, Behdan and Mahoor are suitable however, facultative Nader cultivar also had acceptable grain yield in these conditions and can replace spring cultivars if necessary to escape severe cold damage. Desirable seed density of barley cultivars for sowing in dryland entezar conditions will be 250-350 seeds/m2.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • barley
  • developmental stages
  • cold regions
  • grain yield
  • pollination
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