بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی باغی، مرکزتحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

2 دانشجو دکترای گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان

چکیده

اهداف: این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک چهار رقم گندم انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه‌صنعتی اصفهان انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل دو رژیم‌آبیاری (آبیاری 100 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه به‌ترتیب برای شرایط بدون‌تنش و تنش‌خشکی)، دو سطح کود‌نیتروژن (مقدار موجود در خاک و استفاده از 150 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار) و ارقام گندم (پیشتاز، بهار، سپاهان و استار) بود.
یافته‌ها: تنش خشکی با کاهش محتوای کلروفیل a، b، کاروتنوییدها و محتوای نسبی آب برگ و همچنین افزایش میزان نشت‌یونی سبب کاهش معنی‌دار عملکرد‌دانه و عملکرد‌زیست توده شد. استفاده از نیتروژن در شرایط آبیاری بدون تنش، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیست توده را به طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد ولی در شرایط تنش خشکی سبب افزایش زیست توده و کاهش عملکرد دانه شد. در این آزمایش رقم پیشتاز بیشترین عملکرد دانه (4710 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، و رقم استار بیشترین میزان زیست‌توده (11639 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را داشتند. همچنین بیشترین عملکرد دانه و زیست توده در کلیه ارقام در تیمار آبیاری بدون‌تنش و استفاده از نیتروژن مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده از نیتروژن جهت افزایش عملکرد وابسته به میزان آب در دسترس گیاه می‌باشد و در شرایط تنش خشکی استفاده از نیتروژن نه تنها راهکار مناسبی جهت کاهش تاثیر تنش و کاهش عملکرد ناشی از آن نیست بلکه سبب تشدید تنش و کاهش عملکرد‌دانه در ارقام گندم مورد مطالعه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the effects of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, yield components and some physiological characteristics of wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrdad Mahlooji 1
  • Siavash Bardehji 2
  • Saeid Omrani 2
1 Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
2 2. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, yield components and some physiological characteristics of four wheat cultivars.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in double split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Isfahan University of Technology. Experimental factors include two irrigation regimes (irrigation 100 and 50% of plant water requirement for normal and drought stress, respectively), two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (soil content and use of 150 kg urea per hectare) and wheat cultivars (Pishtaz, Bahar, Sepahan and Star).
Results: Drought stress decreased grain and biomass yield by decreasing the content of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and leaf relative water content as well as increasing the amount of ion leakage. The use of nitrogen under normal irrigation conditions increased grain and biomass yield, but under drought stress conditions increased biomass and decreased grain yield. Pishtaz cultivar had the highest grain yield (4710 kg / ha), and Star cultivar had the highest amount of biomass (11639 kg / ha). Also, the highest grain and biomass yield were observed in normal irrigation and nitrogen treatment.
Conclusion: The use of nitrogen to increase yield depends on the amount of water available to the plant, and under drought stress conditions, the use of nitrogen is not only a good way to reduce the impact of water stress and yield, but also intensify stress and reduce grain yield of studied wheat cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biomass
  • Chlorophyll
  • Harvest index
  • Grain yield
  • Ion leakage
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