تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و رقم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت دانه‌ای در شهرستان کرج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار هواشناسی کشاورزی گروه جغرافیای طبیعی دانشکده جغرافیا دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری آب و هواشناسی، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی دانشکده جغرافیا دانشگاه تهران، ایران

3 استادیار اقلیم شناسی گروه جغرافیای طبیعی دانشکده جغرافیا دانشگاه تهران، ایران

4 استادیار اقلیم شناسی گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا دانشگاه تهران، ایران

5 استاد ژنتیک و اصلاح نباتات گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، ایران

6 استادیار مدل‎سازی گیاهان و سیستم‎ های کشاورزی، گروه کشاورزی اکولوژیک، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت و ارقام ذرت دانه‎ای بر روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آن در کرج انجام‌شده است. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت (24 اردیبهشت، 21 خرداد و 18 تیر) و ارقام ذرت (400 KSC، 647 KSC و 704)، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح کرت‌های خردشده بر پایه‌ی بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 4 تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه تهران واقع در کرج انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد ‌به ترتیب مربوط به تاریخ کاشت دوم (98/11 تن در هکتار)، تاریخ کاشت سوم (56/11 تن در هکتار) و تاریخ کاشت اول (18/11 تن در هکتار) می‌باشد. در تاریخ کاشت اول به دلیل وقوع دماهای بالای روزانه در مرحله زایشی و همچنین در تاریخ کاشت سوم، به دلیل هم‌زمان بودن مرحله پرشدن دانه با کاهش دما در فصل پاییز، میزان عملکرد کاهش‌ یافته است. در تاریخ کاشت دوم، مناسب بودن شرایط دمایی مراحل زایشی موجب کم شدن طول کچلی، بزرگ بودن طول و اندازه بلال، افزایش وزن بلال، زیاد بودن تعداد دانه در بلال و افزایش عملکرد شد.در منطقه موردمطالعه، رقم 400 (25/10 تن در هکتار) در ماه تیر، رقم 647 (35/12 تن در هکتار) در ماه اردیبهشت و رقم 704 (78/13 تن در هکتار) در ماه خرداد بالاترین عملکرد‎ را داشته‌اند. در نهایت با توجه به اهمیت طول رسیدگی ارقام در هر تاریخ کاشت و به‌منظور کاهش دور آبیاری و صرفه‌جویی در آب، کشت ارقام متوسط رس در تاریخ 24 اردیبهشت و ارقام زودرس در تاریخ 18 تیر پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of planting date and cultivar on yield and yield components of corn in Karaj city

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Bazgeer 1
  • Ayob Jafari 2
  • Masoumeh Moghbel 3
  • Mostafa Karimi 4
  • Mohammadreza Bi Hamta 5
  • Saeid Soufizadeh 6
1 Assistant Professor, Agricultural Meteorology, Physical Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran
2 PhD student of Climatology, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Climatology, Department of Physical Geography Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Climatology, Department of Physical Geography Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran
5 Professor, Genetic and Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Tehran, Iran
6 Assistant Professors, Crop Modeling and Agricultural Systems, Department of Agroecology, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of planting date(13 May,10 June And 8 July) and corn cultivars(KSC400,KSC647 And KSC 704) on the yield and yield components in Karaj. An experiment was conducted as a split-plot design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications in the research farm of the University of Tehran. The results showed that the highest yield belonged to the second planting date (11.98 t.ha-1), the third planting date (11.56 t.ha-1), the first planting date (11.18 t.ha-1), respectively. The results revealed that in the first and third planting dates, corn grain yield was decreased due to the occurrence of the high daily temperatures in the reproductive stage. Furthermore, a coincidence of the decreasing temperatures with the grain filling period in autumn led to corn grain yield reduction. Due to the appropriateness of the reproductive stages in the second planting date, the length of seed abortion was decreased and the length and size of the ear, the weight of the ear, the number of seeds per ear, and grain yield were increased. The results revealed that the 400 cultivar (10.25 t.ha-1) in July, 647 (12.35 t.ha-1) in May and 704 (13.77 t.ha-1) in June had the highest yields in the study area. In addition, to reduce the frequency of irrigation and save water, it is recommended to cultivate medium and early maturing varieties of corn on 13 May and 8 July sowing dates, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • corn
  • Yield
  • Planting Date
  • Physiological Maturity
  • Karaj

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 33، شماره 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 61-76

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