اثرات توأم رژیم آبیاری و سطوح نیتروژن بر عملکرد و کارایی استفاده از نور و نیتروژن در گیاه ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته مقطع کارشناسی ارشد زراعت. دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام

2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام.

3 استادیار گروه علوم مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی-دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام

چکیده

هدف: این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر رژیم های مختلف آبیاری و میزان مصرف نیتروژن بر کارایی مصرف نور و نیتروژن و رابطه آن‌ها در شرایط آب و هوایی ایلام انجام شد.

مواد و روش: آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ایلام اجرا شد. آبیاری بعنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح (100I100=، 80I80= و 60I60= درصد نیاز آبی گیاه)، و عامل فرعی کود نیتروژن در سه سطح (0N0=، 100N100= و 150N150= کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود.

یافته‌ها: بالاترین میزان عملکرد دانه و زیستی به ترتیب با 5275 و 17209 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار I100 N150 بدست آمد. پایین ترین میزان عملکرد دانه (1883 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و زیستی (7948 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار I60N0 مشاهده شد. کارایی مصرف نور گیاه ذرت، تحت تاثیر تیمارهای مختلف آبیاری و نیتروژن قرار گرفت و بین 97/1 (تیمار I60N0) تا 66/2 گرم بر مگاژول (تیمار I100 N150) متغییر بود. بالاترین میزان جذب تشعشع (1261 مگاژول بر متر مربع) در تیمار I100 N150 بدست آمد و کمترین میزان جذب تشعشع (740 مگاژول بر متر مربع) در تیمار I60N0 مشاهده شد. بیشترین کارایی زراعی(5/47) و جذب (6/1) نیتروژن در تیمار I100N0 بدست آمد و بالاترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن (84/30) در تیمار I80N0 حاصل شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: در رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری، رابطه بین کارایی مصرف نور و کارایی زراعی نیتروژن، یک رابطه معکوس بود. همچنین نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که استفاده از نیتروژن بیشتر، راهکار مناسبی برای بهبود عملکرد دانه در شرایط کم آبیاری نیست

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Combined effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels on yield, radiation and nitrogen use efficiencies in maize

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasrin heidari 1
  • Yaser Alizadeh 2
  • Hamze ali Alizadeh 3
1 Graduated master of agronomy, Ilam university.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of agriculture, Ilam University. Iran.
3 Assistant professor, Faculty of agriculture, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background & objective: The aims of this study was to investigate the radiation and nitrogen use efficiency at different irrigation regime and nitrogen rate in Ilam climatic condition.

Material & methods: The experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Agronomy Research Farm of Ilam University. The experimental factors included 3 irrigation regime (100, 80, and 60 percent of field capacity) and nitrogen rate at three levels (0, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1).
Results: The highest grain and biological yield were obtained with 5275 and 17209 kg/ha in I100 N150 treatment, respectively. Radiation use efficiency of Maize was affected by irrigation regime and nitrogen rate. Radiation use efficiency was in the range of 1.97 (I60N0 treatment) to 2.66 g/MJ (I100 N150 treatment). The highest and lowest of radiation absorbed were obtained in I100 N150 and I60N0 respectively. The highest of nitrogen use efficiency of agronomic (47.5 kg/kg) and uptake (1.6 kg/kg) were observed in I100N0 treatment and the highest of nitrogen use efficiency of physiologic was obtained I80N0. Nitrogen uptake in harvested biomass increased with additional N fertilizer application. The nitrogen uptake increased from ∼65 kg/ha at I60N0 treatment to ∼280 kg/ha for I100N150 treatments.

Conclusion: In this study, an inverse relationship was observed between radiation use efficiency and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency. The results of the experiment showed that the application of higher nitrogen rate was not the appropriate strategy for compensating for the reduced grain yield under low irrigation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • LAI
  • Nitrogen efficiency
  • Radiation absorbed
  • Sustainable resource management

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 33، شماره 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 85-103

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