پاسخ عملکرد و کیفیت اسانس مرزه سنبله‌ای (Satureja spicigera) به کودهای آلی و شیمیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

2 دانشیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و محصولات فرعی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

3 استاد پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و محصولات فرعی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

4 محقق (فوق دکتری)، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و محصولات فرعی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

5 کارشناس، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

چکیده

اهداف: این تحقیق به منظور افزایش عملکرد و کیفیت اسانس مرزه گونه Satureja spicigera با تغذیه گیاهی مناسب در آذربایجان شرقی اجرا گردید.

مواد و روش: این پژوهش به صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با هشت تیمار کودی (شاهد (بدون کود)، ازت(50) فسفر(25) پتاس(25) (کیلوگرم در هکتار)، کود گاوی (30 و60 تن در هکتار)، کود گاوی (30 و60 تن در هکتار) + ازت(50) فسفر(25) پتاس(25) (کیلوگرم در هکتار)، ورمی‌کمپوست (5 تن در هکتار)، ورمی‌کمپوست (5 تن در هکتار)+ ازت(50) فسفر(25) پتاس(25) (کیلوگرم در هکتار)) و سه تکرار در چهار سال (1399-1396) اجرا گردید. در طول فصل زراعی صفات ارتفاع بوته، تاریخ گلدهی، سطح تاج‌پوشش و عملکرد سرشاخه سبز اندازه‌گیری شد. اسانس‌گیری به روش تقطیر با آب مقطر و تجزیه اسانس نیز به روش کروماتوگراف گازی (GC\MS) انجام گرفت.

یافته ها: بین تیمارهای مختلف کودی از لحاظ کلیه صفات تفاوت معنی‌دار وجود دارد. عمده‌ترین اجزای اسانس به ترتیب تیمول، پاراسیمن و گاماترپینن بودند. بیشترین عملکرد سرشاخه گلدار به میزان 3687 کیلوگرم در هکتار و عملکرد اسانس به میزان 65/54 کیلوگرم در هکتار و بالاترین کیفیت اسانس (مجموع ترکیبات فنلی تیمول و کارواکرول) به مقدار 59/62 درصد با اعمال تیمار کودی ورمی‌کمپوست (5 تن در هکتار) + ازت(50) فسفر(25) پتاس(25) (کیلوگرم در هکتار) حاصل شد.

نتیجه گیری: مصرف ترکیبی تیمارهای کودی مخصوصا کودهای دامی با کودهای شیمیایی علاوه بر افزایش محصول، موجب زودرسی محصول و عدم مواجه شدن با سرمای اوایل پاییز می‌شود. با افزایش سن گیاه عملکرد اسانس افزایش، ولی محصول دیررس‌تر و کیفیت اسانس نیز کاهش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Performance and quality Response of Satureja Spicijera Essential Oil to Organic and Chemical Fertilizers.

نویسندگان [English]

  • farid noormand moaied 1
  • Bohloul Abbaszadeh 2
  • Fatemeh Sefidkon 3
  • Negar Valizadeh 4
  • Javad Shaikhzadeh 5
1 Assistant Professor, Research Division of Natural Resources , East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center , Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Medicinal Plants and By-Products Research Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, Medicinal Plants and By-Products Research Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
4 Ph.D. Researcher, Medicinal Plants and By-Products Research Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
5 Expert Researcher, Research Division of Natural Resources , East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center , Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: In order to increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of Satureja spicigera essential oil with proper plant nutrition, this study was carried out in East Azerbaijan.

Materials and Methods: This research was carried out as a randomized complete block design with eight fertilizer treatments (no fertilizer, N50, P25, K25 (kg/ha), Cow Manure (30, 60 ton/ha), Cow Manure (30, 60 ton/ha) +(kg/ha) N50, P25, K25 , Vermi-compost (5 ton/ha), Vermi-compost (5 ton/ha) +(kg/ha) N50, P25, K25) and three replications in four years (2017-2020). During the cropping season, plant height, flowering date, canopy area and green shoot yield were measured. Essential oil was extracted by distillation with distilled water and analysis of essential oil was done by gas chromatograph (GC/MS).

Results: There was a significant difference between fertilizer treatments in terms of all traits. The main components of essential oil were thymol, parasimen and gamaterpinen, respectively. The highest yield of flowering branches at 3687 kg/ha and yield of essential oil at 54.65 kg/ha and the highest quality of essential oil (total phenolic compounds of thymol and carvacrol) at 62.59% by applying Vermi-compost5ton/ha+N50P25K25kg/ha were obtained.

Conclusion: Combined consumption of fertilizer treatments, especially animal manure with chemical fertilizers, in addition to increasing the yield, causes the crop to ripen early and not face the cold of early autumn. As the plant ages, the yield of the essential oil increases, but the yield is later and the quality of the essential oil decreases.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Medicinal plant
  • Plant nutrition
  • Essential oil extraction
  • Animal manure
  • Vermicompost

مراجع

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 33، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 51-64

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