مدیریت سیستم‎های خاک‌ورزی و کود بر عملکرد دانه و شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن کلزا در خاک شنی تحت شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی اسبق دکتری زراعت، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. تهران. ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاه زراعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشجوی اسبق دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود. سمنان. ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران.

چکیده

این آزمایش به‌منظوربررسی نقش نظام‌های مختلف خاک‏ورزی به همراه کاربرد کود نیتروژن و ورمی‌کمپوست بر عملکرد دانه و روغن کلزا و همچنین تأثیر آن بر شاخص‎های کارایی نیتروژن در شرایط آبیاری کامل و کم‏آبیاری انجام گرفت.
پژوهش به‌صورت کرت‎های دو بار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در منطقه کرج طی دو سال زراعیاز 1396 تا1398 اجرا شد.سیستم‌های خاک‌ورزی به‌عنوان کرت اصلی در سه سطح شامل بدون خاک‌ورزی، خاک‌‌ورزی حداقل و خاک‌ورزی رایج بودند. کرت‌ فرعی شامل آبیاری در دو سطح (آبیاری معمول و کم آبیاری) و تیمار کودی در چهار سطح ]عدم کاربردکود، کود شیمیایی اوره، کود ورمی‌کمپوست، کود شیمیایی اوره + کود ورمی-کمپوست بودند.در سیستم بدون شخم عملکرد روغن به میزان 22 درصدنسبت به شخم حداقل و 5/21 درصد نسبت به شخم معمول کاهش یافت. عملکرد دانه و روغن درشرایط کاربردتلفیقی کود ورمی‎کمپوست به ترتیب 18 و 17 درصد نسبت به شاهد در شرایط آبیاری معمول و 29 و 32 درصد در شرایط کم آبیاری بیشتر بود. در هر سه‌نظام خاک‌ورزی بیشترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در شرایط کاربرد تلفیقی اوره و ورمی‌کمپوست مشاهده شد. در مقایسه با کاربرد ورمی‎کمپوست و اوره به ترتیب در بدون شخم 5 و 1/8 درصد، در شخم حداقل 2/6 و 5/1 درصد و در شخم رایج5/5 و 7/1 درصد میزان کارایی مصرف نیتروژن بیشتر بود. به‌طورکلی، شخم حداقل و جایگزین کردن کود اوره با ورمی‎کمپوست می‌تواند با کاهش هدر رفت نیتروژن، افزایش بهره‌وری نیتروژن و همچنین تعدیل شرایط تنش خشکی منجر به افزایش عملکرد دانه و روغن کلزا شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Management of Tillage and Fertilizer Systems on Seed Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency Indices of Rapeseed in Sandy Soil under Drought Stress Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghorban Khodabin 1
  • Ashkan Jalilian 2
  • Mojdeh Sadat Khayat Moghadam 3
  • Shahryar Kazemi 4
1 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science & Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Mazandaran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This experiment was performed to research the role of various tillage systems with the appliance of nitrogen fertilizer and vermicompost on seed and oil yield of rapeseed and conjointly its result on nitrogen efficiency indices fully and low irrigation conditions.The experiment was performed as a split-split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates in Karaj during two cropping seasons(2017-19). Tillage systems as the main plot were common at three levels including no-tillage, reduced tillage, and conventional tillage. The subplots included irrigation at two levels (normal irrigation and low irrigation) and fertilizer treatment at four levels (no fertilizer, urea chemical fertilizer, vermicompost, urea fertilizer + vermicompost).In the system without tillage, oil yield decreased by 22% compared to reduced tillage and 21.5% compared to conventional tillage. Seed and oil yield in the conditions of combined application of vermicompost fertilizer were 18 and 17% higher than the control in normal irrigation conditions and 29 and 32% higher in low irrigation conditions, respectively. In all three tillage systems, the highest nitrogen use efficiency was observed in the combined application of urea and vermicompost. Compared to the application of vermicompost and urea, in non-tillage conditions 5 and 8.1%, in reduced tillage conditions 6.2 and 1.5%, and in conventional tillage conditions 5.5 and 1.7%, respectively, the nitrogen use efficiency was more. In general, reduced tillage and replacement of urea fertilizer with vermicompost can ultimately increase canola seed and oil yield by reducing nitrogen wastage, increasing nitrogen productivity, and modifying drought stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrogen Content
  • Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency
  • Urea
  • Vermicompost
  • Oil Yeild

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 33، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 327-342

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