اثر منابع کودی نیتروژن و تراکم‌ تاج‌خروس ریشه قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus L) بر کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و شاخص مقاومت کینوا‌ ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd) در برابر علف هرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز

2 هیات علمی گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر به منظور ارزیابی اثرات منابع کودی نیتروژن و تراکم‌ تاج خروس ریشه قرمز کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و شاخص مقاومت کینوا رقم تی‌تی‌کاکا در برابر علف هرزانجام گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز در سال 1400 به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل منابع کود نیتروژن (بدون کود، اوره، اوره با پوشش گوگردی و نیترات آمونیوم) به عنوان کرت اصلی و تراکم‌ علف‌هرز (صفر، 5، 10، 15، 20و 25 بوته در مترمربع) به عنوان کرت فرعی بود.
یافته‌ها: کاربرد کود اوره با پوشش گوگردی در بالاترین تراکم علف هرز (25 بوته در مترمربع) با افزایش شاخص مقاومت گیاه زراعی کینوا، منجر به بهبود ضریب تخصیص ماده خشک به دانه، درصد نیتروژن و پروتئین، سرعت فتوسنتز و عملکرد دانه کینوا به ترتیب به میزان 2/1، 5/1، 4/1، 2/1 و 8/2 برابر در مقایسه با تیمار بدون کود شد. کارایی مصرف نیتروژن نیز در بالاترین تراکم علف هرز (25 بوته در مترمربع) با کاربرد منابع کودی اوره، اوره با پوشش گوگردی و نیترات آمونیوم به ترتیب به میزان 3/78، 8/79 و 4/60 درصد در مقایسه با تیمار بدون کود افزایش یافت.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که کود اوره با پوشش گوگردی حداکثر عملکرد دانه و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن را در تمامی تراکم‌های علف هرز به خود اختصاص داد و پس از آن کودهای اوره و نیترات آمونیوم قرار داشتند. بنابراین کود اوره با پوشش گوگردی به عنوان کارآمدترین منبع کود نیتروژن پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Densities on Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Resistance Index against Weed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azam Mehregannia 1
  • Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini 2
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was the determine effect of nitrogen fertilizer sources
and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) densities on nitrogen utilization efficiency and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) resistance index.

Materials and Methods: A field study carried out during 2021 growing season in research farm of School of Agriculture, Shiraz University. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Nitrogen fertilizer sources (non‐fertilizer, urea, sulfur coated urea and ammonium nitrate) were assigned to main plots and density of red root pigweed at 6 levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-2) to the sub-plots.

Results: The application of sulfur coated urea in the highest weed density (25 plant m-2) increased dry matter partitioning to grain by 1.2 times, percentage of nitrogen and protein by 1.5 and 1.4 times, photosynthesis rate by 1.2 times and quinoa grain yield by 2.8 times compared to non‐fertilizer. The application of urea, sulfur coated urea and ammonium nitrate in the highest weed density increased nitrogen utilization efficiency by 78.3, 79.8 and 60.4%, respectively compared to non‐fertilizer.
Conclusions: In general, the results showed that sulfur coated urea had the maximum grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency and was followed by urea and ammonium nitrate, respectively. Therefore, sulfur coated urea is recommended as the most efficient source of nitrogen fertilizer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dry matter partitioning
  • Gas exchange
  • Grain protein
  • Nitrogen utilization efficiency
  • Sulphur coated urea fertilizer
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