اثر کاربرد سطوح کود نیتروژن و پیش کاشت گیاهان پوششی بر برخی از صفات رشدی و عملکرد برنج (Oryza sativa L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 استادیاردانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

4 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

10.22034/saps.2024.59926.3169

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف: این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثر کاربرد سطوح کود نیتروژن و پیش کاشت گیاهان پوششی بر برخی صفات رویشی و عملکرد گیاه برنج انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش در طی دو سال زراعی 98-1397 و 99-1398 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری به‌صورت کرت‏های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل سظوح صفر، 120، 240، 320 و 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن در کرت‏های اصلی و انواع گیاهان پیش‏کاشت در چهار سطح (بدون گیاه پیش‏کاشت، کلزا، شبدر برسیم و چاودار) در کرت‏های فرعی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها:
طبق نتایج، عملکرد برنج در زمان استفاده از پیش کاشت گیاه پوششی شبدر برسیم به‌طور معنی‌داری مطلوب‌تر از دیگر پیش‌کاشت‌های گیاهان پوششی بود. استفاده از کود نیتروژن در سطوح 320 و 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار سبب افزایش صفات رویشی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد از جمله شاخص سطح برگ و تعداد پنجه و در نهایت افزایش عملکرد شد. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از گیاهان پوششی به‌ویژه بقولات علوفه‌ای مانند شبدر برسیم به صورت پیش‌کاشت و کاربرد کود نیتروژن به‌میزان320 تا 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار جهت کسب عملکرد مطلوب‌تر توصیه می-گردد.
نتیجه‌گیری: از آنجا که در بین دو سطح 320 و 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار در بسیاری از صفات اندازه‌گیری شده تفاوت زیادی وجود نداشت، بنابراین توصیه می‌شود از سطح 320 کیلوگرم در هکتار برای کوددهی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Crop Yield and Growth Trait Response to Varied Nitrogen Fertilization and Pre-Planting of Cover Crops in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • ‌Behnam Kamkar 1
  • Hannaneh Mehdipour 2
  • Samaneh Hasanzadeh 3
  • Asieh Siahmarguee 4
1 Prof., Agrotechnology Dept. Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran,
2 MSc graduated of Aronomy, Agricultural Science and Natural Resources Sari University, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
3 Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
4 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels and pre-planting of cover crops on some vegetative traits and yield of rice plants.
Material and Methods: This was conducted over 2017-2018 and 2018-2019, at the research farm of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The experimental design employed a three-replicated split-plot arrangement within a randomized complete block design. The main plots involved five nitrogen consumption levels (0, 120, 240, 320, and 400 kg ha-1). The sub-plots included four types of pre-planted cover crops (no cover crop, canola, bersim clover, and rye).
Results:
Based on the findings, employing berseem clover as a cover crop in pre-sowing resulted in a significantly more favorable rice yield than others. Nitrogen fertilizer at rates of 320- 400 kg ha-1 led to enhanced vegetative traits, yield, and various yield components, including leaf area index and tiller number, ultimately resulting in increased overall yield. Results revealed that planting bersim clover cover crop before planting rice, along with 320 kg ha-1 of urea fertilizer, leads to 41.5% higher yield compared to no fertilizer).).
Conclusion:
Bersim clover stood out among the pre-planting cover crops, significantly enhancing many rice traits. Additionally, no significant difference was observed between urea fertilizer levels of 320 and 400 kg ha-1 in several measured traits. Thus, the integrated treatment of bersim clover cover crop and 320 kg ha-1 of urea fertilizer is recommended before planting rice.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaf area index
  • bersim clover
  • nitrogen fertilizer
  • cover crops
  • grain yield
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