تأثیر روش‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی و کاربرد بقایای گیاهی بر عملکرد و ویژگی‌های رشدی تریتیکاله (X Triticosecale Wittmack)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

10.22034/saps.2024.61454.3215

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف: این آزمایش با هدف بررسی تأثیر روش‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی و کاربرد بقایای گیاهی بر عملکرد و ویژگی‌های رشدی تریتیکاله در شرایط آب و هوایی اهواز، در سال زراعی 1402-1401 اجرا گردید.
 مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار درمزرعه آموزشی گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز در سال زراعی 1402-1401  اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی، شامل روش‌های محتلف خاک‌ورزی در سه سطح(خاک‌ورزی مرسوم، کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی) و فاکتور فرعی نیز شامل پنج سطح کاربرد بقایای گیاهی (بدون مصرف بقایا( شاهد)، بقایای گندم، لوبیا چشم بلبلی، کنجد و نصف بقایای گندم + نصف بقایای لوبیا چشم بلبلی)در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد عملکرد بیولوژیک، در تیمار خاک‌ورزی مرسوم نسبت به کم‌خاک‌ورزی 5 درصد و نسبت به بدون خاک‌ورزی 6/10 درصد افزایش داشت. در بین کاربرد انواع مختلف بقایای گیاهی، تیمار مربوط به کاربرد بقایای لوبیا چشم بلبلی با 9/15 تن در هکتار عملکرد بیولوژیک با 6/33 درصد افزایش نسبت به تیمار بدون کاربرد و 3/7 تن در هکتار عملکرد دانه با 2/35 درصد افزایش نسبت به تیمار بدون کاربرد بیشترین مقدار را داشت. کمترین عملکرد بیولوژیک و دانه مربوط به تیمار شاهد به ترتیب با 9/11 و 4/5 تن در هکتار بود. بیشترین شاخص برداشت مربوط به تیمار خاک‌ورزی مرسوم با 9/46 درصد و کمترین این صفت مربوط به کم‌خاک‌ورزی با 6/45 درصد بوده است. نوع خاک‌ورزی تاثیر معنی داری برارتفاع بوته ،طول سنبله ،تعداد سنبله در متر مربع ،عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک تریتیکاله داشت ولی وزن هزار دانه را تحت تاثیر قرار نداد. اثر متقابل تیمارهای خاک‌ورزی و کاربرد بقایای گیاهی نشان داد بیشترین عملکرد دانه معادل 6/8 تن در هکتار از تیمار خاک‌ورزی مرسوم و کاربرد بقایای لوبیا چشم بلبلی و کمترین مقدار بدست آمده نیز مربوط به اثرتیمار بدون خاک‌ورزی و بدون کاربرد بقایا(شاهد) با 3/5 تن در هکتاربود. عملکرد دانه در روش خاک‌ورزی مرسوم 3/13 درصد و 9/7 درصد بیشتر از روش‌های بدون خاک‌ورزی و کم‌خاک‌ورزی بود.
 نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می رسد حداقل در کوتاه مدت اجرای سامانه های خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی تاثیری بر عملکرد نداشته و یا حتی سبب کاهش آن شوند و به مطالعات دراز مدت برای تعیین اثر بخشی سامانه‌های خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی نیاز است. در مجموع انتظار می‌رود در دراز مدت نتایج مثبتی از انجام عملیات خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی با حفظ بقایا در سطح خاک جهت حفظ پتانسیل عملکرد، بهبود حاصل‌خیزی خاک و افزایش فعالیت کرم‌های خاکی، افزایش ذخیره رطوبتی وافزایش ماده آلی بدست آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Different Tillage Methods and Application of Plant Residues on Yield and Growth Characteristics of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheila Hosseinzadeh 1
  • Esfandiar Fateh 1
  • Amir Aynehband 1
  • Masoumeh Farzaneh 1
  • Jaafar Habibi asl 2
1 Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetic, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Agriculture Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahwaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objective:  This experiment was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of different tillage methods and the use of plant residues on the yield and growth characteristics of triticale in the climatic conditions of Ahvaz, in the 2022-2023 growing season.
 Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during 2022-2023. The main factor includes different methods of tillage in three levels (conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no tillage) and the sub factor also includes 5 levels of plant residue application (without residues (control), wheat residues, mung bean, sesame and half of wheat residues + half of residues Mung bean) was considered.
 Results: The results showed that the biological yield increased by 5% in conventional tillage treatment compared to reduced tillage and by 10.6% compared to no tillage. Among the application of different types of plant residues, the treatment related to the application of mung bean residues with 15.9 ton.ha-1 increased the biological yield with 33.6 percent compared to the treatment without application and 7.3 ton.ha-1with 35.2 percent seed yield. The increase compared to the treatment without application was the highest. The lowest biological yield and grain related to the control treatment were 11.9 and 5.4 ton.ha-1, respectively. The highest harvest index was related to conventional tillage treatment with 46.9% and the lowest of this trait was related to reduced  tillage with 45.6%. The use of tillage type had a significant effect on plant height, spike length, number of spikes per square meter, seed yield and biological yield, but it did not affect the weight of 1000 seeds. The interaction effect of tillage treatments and the use of plant residues showed that the highest grain yield was equal to 8.6 ton.ha-1 from the treatment of conventional tillage and the use of mung bean  residues, and the lowest value obtained at no tillage and without the use of residues (control) with 5.3 ton.ha-1. The grain yield in the conventional tillage method was 13.3% and 7.9% more than the methods without tillage and reduced tillage.
 Conclusion: It seems that, at least in the short term, the implementation of conservation tillage systems has no effect on yield or even causes it to decrease, and long-term studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of conservation tillage systems. Carrying out conservation tillage operations by maintaining residues on the soil surface to maintain yield potential, improve soil fertility and increase the activity of earthworms, increase moisture storage and increase organic matter.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological Yield
  • Increasing Organic Matter
  • Soil Fertility
  • Sanabad Cultivar
  • Sustainable Agriculture
  • Yield Components
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