Alikhani B. 2013. Climatology of Iran (geography branch). Peyameh Nour University Publication. 236 p. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Ahmadpour R, Salimi A, Zaidi A and Armand N. 2020. Use of seaweed (
Ascophyllum nodosum) extract in mitigating the negative effects of water deficit stress in chickpea by evaluating morpho-physiological indicators. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 12(2): 199-213. (In Persian with English Abstract). doi
10.22067/ijpr.v12i2.89194
Azarmehr A, Baghi M and Ziaie-Nasab M. 2017. Effect of seaweed extract (Basfoliar Kelp sl) and sulphate (K-leaf) on yield and some yield components of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) var. Nataly. Agronomy Researches Near Kavir, 14 (3):155-165. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Bassil BS, and Kaffka SR. 2002. Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to saline soils and irrigation. II Crop response to salinity. Agricultural Water Management, 54: 81-92.
Blunden G, Jenkins T and Liu YW. 1996. Enhanced leaf chlorophyll levels in plants treated with seaweed extract. Journal of Applied Physiology, 8: 535–543.
Bortolheiro FPAP and Silva MA. 2017. Physiological response and productivity of safflower lines under water deficit and rehydration. Annuals of the Brazilian Academy of Science, 89: 3051-3066.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720170475
Del Poso A, Perez P, Gutierrez D, Alonso A, Morcuende R and Martinez-Carrasco R. 2007. Gas exchange acclimation to elevated CO2 in upper-sunlit and lower-shaded canopy leaves in relation to nitrogen acquisition and partitioning in wheat grown in field chambers. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 53: 371–380.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2006.04.009
Farajnia A. 2019. Land suitability evaluation for field and orchard crops in East Azarbaijan province. Final report of the research project. No. 57199. Date: 14 Mar. 2019. Water and Soil Research Institute. Karaj.157p. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Haghshenas R, Sharafi S and Gholinezhad E. 2021. Effect of different levels of drought stress and mycorrhiza on yield of safflower cultivars. Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production Journal, 20(2): 91-109. Doi
20.1001.1.24764310.1399.30.2.6.9
Hosseinpour A, Mohammad Akhond-Ali A, Sharifi MR and Kalantari Oskouei A. 2022. Investigating the causes of rivers discharge reduction to Lake Urmia (Case study: rivers of the south and west of Lake Urmia). Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering, 46(2): 52-70. (In Persian with English Abstract). doi
10.22125/iwe.2021.142024
Hosseinzad J, Kazemiyeh F, Javadi A and Ghafouri H. 2012. Agricultural water management basis and mechanisms in Tabriz plain. Water and Soil Journal, 22(2): 85-98. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Jacomassi LM, Oliveira Viveiros J, De O, Oliveira MP, Momesso L, Siqueira GF and Crusciol CAC. 2022. A seaweed extract-based bio-stimulant mitigate drought stress in sugarcane. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 865291.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.865291
Joshi-Paneri J, Chamberland G and Donnelly D. 2020. Effects of Chelidonium majus and Ascophyllum nodosum extracts on growth and photosynthesis of soybean, Acta Agro-botany, 73: 1 -6.
Koutroubas SD, Papakosta DK and Doitsinis A. 2004. Cultivar and seasonal effects on the contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to safflower yield. Field Crops Research, 90: 263-274.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.03.009
Kumar G and Sahoo D. 2011. Effect of seaweed liquid extract on growth and yield of Triticum aestivum var. Pusa Gold. Journal of Applied Phycology, 23: 251-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-011-9660-9
Latique S, Mohamed Aymen E, Halima C, Chérif H and Mimoun EK. 2017. Alleviation of salt stress in durum wheat (
Triticum durum L.) seedlings through the application of liquid seaweed extracts of Fucus spiralis. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 48(21): 2582-2593.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2017.1416136
Mirnezami-Ziabari SH and Sanei-Shariatpanah M. 1994. Usual methods in fats and oils analysis. Mashhad Astaneh Gods, 274p. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Mohamadpour G, Farzaneh S, Khomari S, Sayyed-Sharifi R and Esmaielpour B. 2022. Effect of humic-acid and seaweed extract on growth and yield of quinoa under drought stress, Journal of Crops Improvement, 24(3): 869-885. (In Persian with English Abstract).
https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2021.312419.2469
Omidi Tabrizi AH. 2006. Stability and adaptability estimates of some safflower cultivars and lines in different environmental conditions. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology, 8: 141-151.
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4167
Pasban Eslam B. 2015. Effects of row spacing and seeding rate on seed yield and its components in safflower Padideh cv. in Tabriz region. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 30 (2): 223-236. (In Persian with English Abstract). URL:
http://sppj.spii.ir/browse.php?a_id=446&sid=1&slc_lang=en
Pasban Eslam B. 2012. Effect of drought stress on seed and oil yields of safflower fall genotypes. Iranian Agronomy Science Journal, 42: 275-283. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Pasban Eslam B. 2004. Evaluation yield and yield components in new spineless safflower genotypes. Iranian Agriculture Science Journal, 35: 869-874. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Rathore SS, Chaudhary DR, Boricha GN, Ghosh A, Bhatt BP, Zodape ST, and Patolia JS. 2009. Effect of seaweed extract on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of soybean (
Glycine max) under rain-fed conditions. South African Journal of Botany, 75(2): 351-355.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.10.009
Rayorath P, Khan W, Palanisamy R, Mackinnon SL, Stefanova R, Hankins SD, Critchley AT and Prithiviraj B. 2008. Extracts of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum induce gibberellic acid (GA3)-independent amylase activity in barley. Journal of Plant Growth Regulators, 32: 123–128.
Roth G and Goyne P. 2004. Measuring plant water status. Section 3: Irrigation management of cotton 164 pp.
Safavi SM, Pourdad SS and Safavi SA. 2013. Evaluation of drought tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under non stress and drought stress conditions. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 1(9): 1086-1093.
Shahriari AG, Mohkami A, Niazi A, Parizipour MHG and Habibi-Pirkoohi M. 2021. Application of brown alga (
Sargassum angustifolium L.) extract for improvement of drought tolerance in canola (
Brassica napus L.). Iranian Journal of Biotechnology, 19(1): 22-29. (In Persian with English Abstract). doi:
10.30498/IJB.2021.2775
Sibi M, Nezami A and Khazaie, HR. 2016. The effect of concentration, time and applying instruction of seaweed extract on some morphological characteristics of root and shoot of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Crop Physiology Journal, 8(29): 5-21.
Stirk WA, Rengasamy KRR, Kulkarni MG and Van Staden J. 2020. Plant bio-stimulant by seaweed: An overview. the Chemical Biology of Plant Bio-stimulant, 18: 33-55.
Tian F, Wang W, Liang C, Wang X, Wang G and Wang W. 2017. Over-accumulation of glycine betaine makes the function of the thylakoid membrane better in wheat under salt stress. The Crop Journal, 5: 73–82. Doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2016.05.008
Yaghobnezhad A, talebi R and Pasari B. 2023. The effect of foliar application yeast and seaweed extract on the yield and quality of safflower seed (carthamus tinctorius L.) under drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Plant and Biotechnology, 18(1): 47-58. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Zodape ST, Gupta A, Bhandari SC, Rawat US, Chaudhary DR, Eswaran K and Chikara J. 2011. Foliar application of seaweed sap as bio-stimulant for enhancement of yield and quality of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.). Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 70: 215-219.
)