تاثیر روش‏های کاربرد برخی محرک‏های رشد زیستی گیاهی بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 پسا دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

4 دانشجوی دکتری علوم علفهای هرز دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

10.22034/saps.2024.61061.3202

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: در کشاورزی نوین، استفاده از محرک‌های رشد گیاه، یکی از راهکارهای افزایش عملکرد گیاهان راهبردی از جمله گندم بوده و می‌تواند اثرات منفی تنش محیطی از جمله خشکی را کاهش دهد. به طوری که کاربرد محرک‌های رشد گیاهی ممکن است از طریق افزایش سرعت و توان استقرار گیاهان و جذب عناصر غذایی گیاه در شرایط دیم باعث بهبود عملکرد و کیفیت گندم شود. بنابراین، هدف از انجام این بررسی، مقایسه اثر کاربرد محرک‌های رشد گیاهی مختلف بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گندم در شرایط دیم است.
 
مواد و روش­ها: به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر محرک‌های رشد گیاه بر برخی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گندم رقم میهن، این تحقیق در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 15 تیمار و 4  تکرار در سال زراعی  1399 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی انجام ‌شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل روش‌های مختلف پوشش‏دار کردن بذور در 6 سطح (به مقدار 3، 6 و 9 گرم از هریک اسید هیومیک و عصاره جلبک دریایی در هر کیلوگرم بذر) و پرایمینگ بذر در 3 سطح (پرایمینگ با 6 میلی‏گرم از هریک اسید هیومیک و عصاره جلبک دریایی در هر لیتر و هیدروپرایمینگ (شاهد هیدروپرایم )) و محلول‏پاشی با استفاده از غلظت 200 و 300 میلی‏گرم در لیتر از هریک هیومیک اسید و عصاره جلبک دریایی، محلول‏پاشی آب خالص و تیمار بدون پیش‌تیمار و بدون محلول‌پاشی (شاهد) بودند.
 
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که روش‌های مختلف مصرف محرک‌های رشد گیاه با عصاره جلبک دریایی و هیومیک اسید در مقایسه با شاهد تاثیر معنی‌داری در افزایش تعداد پنجه در بوته، تعداد سنبله در مترمربع، طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله و وزن هزار دانه گندم نشان داد. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a و b گندم به ترتیب با 10/2 و 83/1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر تحت محلول‏پاشی با استفاده از غلظت 300 میلی‏گرم در لیتر هیومیک اسید مشاهده شد. تحت محلول‏پاشی با استفاده از غلظت 300 میلی‏گرم در لیتر هیومیک اسید، بیشترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک گندم به ترتیب با 10/7694 و 90/19074 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدست آمد. بیش‌ترین میزان درصد فسفر (335/0 درصد)، پتاسیم (62/1 درصد) و میزان پروتئین (95/14 درصد) و عملکرد پروتئین دانه گندم (12/1149 کیلوگرم در هکتار) تحت محلول‏پاشی با استفاده از غلظت 300 میلی‏گرم در لیتر هیومیک اسید به‌دست آمد.
 نتیجه­گیری: براساس نتایج این پژوهش می‌توان بیان کرد که اسـتفاده از محرک‌های رشد گیاه به روش محلول‌پاشی با غلظت 300 میلی‏گرم در لیتر هیومیک اسید از کـارایی بیش‌‌تری در بهبود ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گیاه گندم برخودار است و بهتر است برای افزایش راندمان محصولات کشاورزی از نهاده‌های آلی و زیستی به جای کودهای شیمیایی با هدف کاهش آلودگی در راستای نیل به کشاورزی پایدار استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Application Methods of Some Biological Growth Stimulants on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Tobeh 1
  • salim farzaneh 2
  • saeid heydarzadeh 3
  • Rafat Hassani nassab farzaneh 4
1 Professor of Dept. of Production and Plant Genetics, Ardabil University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Ardabili, Iran,
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardebil, Ardebil, Iran
3 Post Doctorate, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
4 Phd student
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: In modern agriculture, the use of plant growth stimulants is one of the ways to increase the yield of strategic plants, including wheat, and can reduce the negative effects of environmental stress, including drought. The use of plant growth stimulants may improve the yield and quality of wheat by increasing the speed and power of plant establishment and absorption of plant nutrients in rainfed conditions, therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effect of the use of different plant growth stimulants on the quantitative and qualitative traits of wheat in rainfed conditions.
Materials and Methods: : In order to investigate the effect of plant growth stimulants on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat, this research was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 15 treatments and 4 replications in 2019 grwoth season in the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabili. The treatments included different seed coating treatments at 6 levels (3, 6 and 9 g kg-1 of humic acid and seaweed extract) and seed priming at 3 levels (priming with 6 mg L-1 of humic acid and extract seaweed and hydropriming (control hydroprime) and spraying with a concentration of 200 and 300 mlgr l-1 of humic acid and seaweed extract, pure water spraying and treatment without pretreatment and without spraying (control).
Results: The results showed that different methods of using plant growth stimulants with seaweed extract and humic acid had a significant effect on increasing the number of tiller per plant, the number of spikes per square meter, the length of the spike, the number of seeds per spike and the 1000-seed weight compared to the control. Under spraying with a concentration of 300 mg L-1 of humic acid, the highest grain yield and biological yield were obtained with 7694.10 and 19074.90 kg ha-1, respectively. The highest of phosphorus (0.335%), potassium (1.62%) and protein (14.95%) and grain protein yield of wheat (1149.12 kg ha-1) under spraying with a concentration of 300 mlgr l-1 of humic acid was obtained. Also, the highest amount of chlorophyll a and b of wheat was observed with 2.10 and 1.83 mg g-1 fw, respectively, under spraying with a concentration of 300 mg L-1 of humic acid
Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it can be stated that the use of plant growth stimulants by foliar spraying with a concentration of 300 mg L-1 of humic acid is more effective in improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the wheat plant and is better for increasing the productivity of crops. Agriculture should use organic and biological inputs instead of chemical fertilizers with the aim of reducing pollution in order to achieve sustainable agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Foliar Spraying
  • Plant Growth Stimulants
  • Seed Coating
  • Priming
  • Wheat Grain Yield

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 3
1404
صفحه 101-112

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