ارزیابی توان دگرآسیبی گونه‌های ماشک (Vicia spp.) به منظور مدیریت گل جالیز (Orobanche aegyptiaca) در آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشکده کشاورزی- گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات- دانشگاه زنجان

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کزمانشاه

4 دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

10.22034/saps.2025.61816.3227

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: گل جالیز (Orobanche aegyptiaca)  یکی از خطرناک ترین علف‌های هرز انگلی در تولید آفتابگردان است و باعث کاهش شدید عملکرد در بسیاری از مناطق کشت آفتابگردان می‌شود. برای کاهش وابستگی به روش‌های کنترل شیمیایی، رویکردهای پایدار و سازگار با محیط زیست مورد نیاز است. گیاهان پوششی آللوپاتیک و مالچ‌های زنده، به ویژه گونه‌های ماشک، ممکن است از طریق رقابت و آزادسازی ترکیبات بازدارنده، استقرار و توسعه گل جالیز را مهار کنند. بنابراین، این مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی پتانسیل آللوپاتی گونه‌های مختلف ماشک و بقایای آنها برای مدیریت گل جالیز در آفتابگردان و تعیین پاسخ ارقام مختلف آفتابگردان به این شیوه‌های مدیریتی انجام شد.
 
مواد و روش­ها: این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل ارقام آفتابگردان شامل یک توده بومی (ابلق سفید) و رقم آذرگل، و تیمارهای مدیریت گل جالیز شامل مالچ زنده ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای (Vicia villosa Roth)، ماشک سفید (Vicia pannonica Crantz) و ماشک مراغه‌ای (Vicia villosa subsp. varia (Host) Corb) و همچنین بقایای ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای که به عنوان مالچ مرده با مقادیر یک، دو و سه کیلوگرم در متر مربع استفاده شدند، بودند. تراکم گل جالیز، وزن خشک و عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان برای ارزیابی اثرات تیمارها اندازه‌گیری شد.
 
یافته­ها: تفاوت‌های معنی‌داری بین تیمارها از نظر کنترل گل جالیز و عملکرد آفتابگردان مشاهده شد. کمترین تراکم گل جالیز (78/0 بوته در متر مربع) و وزن خشک (46/1 گرم در متر مربع) در کرت‌هایی که ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای با رقم آذرگل کشت مخلوط داشتند، به دست آمد که نشان‌دهنده اثرات سرکوبگرانه قوی مالچ زنده ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای بر استقرار گل جالیز است. در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد، عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان تحت مالچ زنده ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای، ماشک سفید و ماشک مراغه به ترتیب 33/5٪، 01/14٪ و 45/27٪ کاهش یافت. اگرچه مالچ‌های زنده تا حدودی به دلیل رقابت بین گونه‌ای عملکرد را کاهش دادند، ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای کمترین تأثیر منفی را بر بهره‌وری آفتابگردان نشان داد و در عین حال بیشترین سرکوب گل جالیز را فراهم کرد. در مقابل، استفاده از بقایای ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای به عنوان مالچ مرده باعث کاهش قابل توجه عملکرد دانه، به ویژه با نرخ یک کیلوگرم در متر مربع، شد، به طوری که عملکرد در رقم آذرگل ۷۱.۹۲ درصد و در رقم ابلق سفید 36/70درصد در مقایسه با شاهدهای مربوطه کاهش یافت. در بیشتر تیمارها، توده بومی حساسیت بیشتری به آلودگی گل جالیز نسبت به رقم آذرگل نشان داد.
 نتیجه­گیری: یافته‌های این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که مالچ زنده ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای می‌تواند به طور مؤثر هجوم گل جالیز را در آفتابگردان سرکوب کند و می‌تواند به عنوان یک جزء پایدار زیست‌محیطی از برنامه‌های مدیریت تلفیقی گل جالیز عمل کند. در میان تیمارهای ارزیابی شده، مالچ زنده ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای بهترین تعادل را بین سرکوب علف‌های هرز و بهره‌وری محصول ایجاد کرد. علاوه بر این، رقم آذرگل تحمل بیشتری نسبت به هجوم گل جالیز نسبت به گونه بومی نشان داد، که نشان می‌دهد کشت این رقم در مناطق به شدت آلوده ممکن است عملکرد آفتابگردان را بهبود بخشد و تلفات عملکرد را کاهش دهد. این نتایج پتانسیل تلفیق ارقام متحمل با گیاهان پوششی آللوپاتیک را برای مدیریت پایدار علف‌های هرز انگلی در سیستم‌های تولید آفتابگردان برجسته می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the use of allelopathic potential of different vetch species for control of broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Akbarihajat 1
  • Iraj Nosratti 3
  • Marjan Diyanat 4
1 Department of Plant Production & Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
2
3 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
4 Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background & Objectives: Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is one of the most destructive parasitic weeds in sunflower production and causes severe yield losses in many sunflower-growing regions. Sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches are needed to reduce dependence on chemical control methods. Allelopathic cover crops and living mulches, particularly vetch species, may suppress broomrape establishment and development through competition and release of inhibitory compounds. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of different vetch species and their residues for broomrape management in sunflower and to determine the response of different sunflower cultivars to these management practices.
 
Materials & Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental factors included sunflower cultivars consisting of a native accession (Ablagh Sefid) and the Azargol cultivar, and broomrape management treatments including living mulch of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), white vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz), and Maragheh vetch (Vicia villosa subsp. varia (Host) Corb.), as well as hairy vetch residues applied as dead mulch at rates of one, two, and three kg m⁻². Broomrape density, dry weight, and sunflower seed yield were measured to evaluate treatment effects.
 
Results: Significant differences were observed among treatments for broomrape suppression and sunflower performance. The lowest broomrape density (0.78 plant m⁻²) and dry weight (1.46 g m⁻²) were obtained in plots where hairy vetch was intercropped with the Azargol cultivar, indicating strong suppressive effects of hairy vetch living mulch on broomrape establishment. Compared with the control treatment, sunflower seed yield under living mulch of hairy vetch, white vetch, and Maragheh vetch decreased by 5.33%, 14.01%, and 27.45%, respectively. Although living mulches reduced yield to some extent due to interspecific competition, hairy vetch showed the least negative impact on sunflower productivity while providing the greatest broomrape suppression. In contrast, application of hairy vetch residues as dead mulch caused substantial reductions in seed yield, particularly at the rate of one kg m⁻², where yield decreased by 71.92% in Azargol and 70.36% in Ablagh Sefid compared with their respective controls. The native accession exhibited greater sensitivity to broomrape infestation than the Azargol cultivar across most treatments.
 
Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that living mulch of hairy vetch can effectively suppress broomrape infestation in sunflower and may serve as an environmentally sustainable component of integrated broomrape management programs. Among the evaluated treatments, hairy vetch living mulch provided the best balance between weed suppression and crop productivity. Furthermore, the Azargol cultivar showed greater tolerance to broomrape infestation than the native accession, suggesting that cultivation of this cultivar in heavily infested areas may improve sunflower performance and reduce yield losses. These results highlight the potential of integrating tolerant cultivars with allelopathic cover crops for sustainable management of parasitic weeds in sunflower production systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cover crop
  • Dead much
  • parasite plant
  • Sunflower cultivars
  • Yield

مراجع

Abbasi B, Mohammadi G R and Bagheri A R. 2020. The use of fenugreek and cultivar living ground cover to control weeds in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of agricultural knowledge and sustainable production, 30(1): 189-171. 20.1001.1.24764310.1399.30.1.11.2
Ali A B, Altayeb O A, Alhadi M and Shuang-En Y. 2014. Effect of different levels nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on yield and chemical composition hybrid sunflower grown under irrigated condition. Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, 1: 7-14.
Altieri M A and Nicholls C I. 2005. Agroecology and the Search for a Truly Sustainable Agriculture. Environmental Training Network for Latin America and the Caribbean Boulevard de los Virreyes 155, Colonia Lomas de Virreyes 11000, Mexico D.F, Mexico.
Awais M, Wajid A, Ahmad A, Saleem M F, Bashir M U, Saeed U, Jamshad H and Habib-ur-Rahman M. H. 2015. Nitrogen fertilization and narrow plant spacing stimulates sunflower productivity. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 20: 99-108. DOI:10.17557/.17374
Azadbakht A, Mahmoudi S, Eslami S V and Al Ibrahim M T. 2014. Investigating the dry weight and density of weeds under the influence of different amounts of nitrogen and different times of interference in sunflower. Journal of Research in Agricultural Ecosystems, 2 (2): 82-73.
Babaei S, Alizadeh H, Jahansoz M R, Rahimian Mashhadhi H and Min Bashi Moini M. 2009. The effect of some trap plants in reducing the damage of the saffron (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pres.) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Iranian Journal of Weed Science, 5(1): 43-53.
Baets S D E, Poesen J J, Meersmans J J and Serlet L L. 2011. Cover crops and their erosion-reducing effects during concentrated flow erosion. Journal of Catena, 85 (3): 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.01.009
Blanco-Canqui H H, Claassen M M and Presley D. R. 2012. Summer cover crops fix nitrogen, increase crop yield, and improve soil-crop relationships. Journal of Agronomy, 104: 137-147. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2011.0240
Blazewicz-Wozniak M and Wach D. 2011. The Effect of Intercropping on Yielding of Root Vegetables of Apiaceae family. Journal of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus, 10(4): 233-243.
Bolandi Amoughein M, Tobeh A and Didehbaz G. 2014. Survey the Effect of Cover Crops in Reduced Sunflower Weed Biomass. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 4(2): 443-447.
Brooker R W, Bennett A E, Cong W F, Daniell T J, George T S, Hallett P D, Hawes C, Iannetta P P M, Jones H G, Karley A J, Li L, Mckenzie B M, Pakeman R J, Paterson E, Schob C, Shen J B, Squire G, Watson C A, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang J and White P J. 2015. Improving intercropping: a synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology. Journal of New Phytologist, 206(1): 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13132
Bulbul F, Aksoy E, Uygur S and Uygur N. 2009. Broomrape (Orobanche spp.) Problem in the Eastern Mediterranean Region on Turkey/EL Problema Del Jopo (Orobanche spp.) en La Region Mediterranea Oriental De Turquia Probleme Du A Lorobanche (Orobanche spp.) Dans La Region Mediterraneenne Orientale De La Turquie. Helia, 32(51): 141-152.
Campiglia E, Caporali F, Radicetti E and Mancinelli R. 2010. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) cover crop residue management for improving weed control and yield in no-tillage tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production. European Journal of Agronomy, 33(2): 94-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2010.04.001
Kojić, M., Masirevic, S. and Jovanović, D. 2019. Distribution and biodiversity of broomrape (Orobanche L.) worldwide and in Serbia. Helia, 24, Nr. 35, p.p. 73-92, (2001) UDC 632.53:633.854.78.
Ctic S and Asta. 2016 Annual report 2015-2016 cover crop survey. (West Lafayette, IN: Conservation Technology Information Center) doi: 10.1002/ejoc.201200111.
Dedic B, Lacok N, Tancic S, Dusanic N and Jocic S. 2009. Current status broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) in Serbia/Situacion Actual Del Jopo (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) En Serbia/Etat Des LieuxI De Lorobanche (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) En Serbie. Helia. 32(51): 135-140.
Ding G W, Liu X, Herbert S S, Novak J J, Amarasiriwardena D D and Xing B S. 2006. Effect of cover crop management on soil organic matter. Geoderma. Journal of Geoderma, 130: 229-239. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.01.019.
Elijah M and Akunda W. 2001. Improving food production by understanding the effect of intercropping and plant population on soybean nitrogen fixing attributes. Journal of Food Technology in Africa, 6(4): 110-115.
Firıncıoglu H K, Tate M, Unal S, Dogruyol S and Ozcan I. 2007. A selection strategy for low toxin vetches. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 31: 303-311
Gan Y T, Miller P R, McConkey B G, Zentner R P, Stevenson F C and McDonald C L. 2005. Influence of diverse cropping sequences on durum wheat yield and protein in the semiarid northern Great Plains. Journal of Agronomy, 95(2): 245-252. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2003.2450
Gitari H I, Karanja N N, Gachene C K K, Kamau S, Sharma K and Schulte-Geldermann E. 2018. Nitrogen and phosphorous uptake by potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and their use efficiency under potato-legume intercropping systems. Journal of Crops Reserch, 222: 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.03.019
Gomez P and Gurvitch J. 2005. Weed community responses in a corn- soybean intercrop. Journal of Applied Vegetation Science, 1: 281-288. https://doi.org/10.2307/1478958
Halde C, Bamford K C and Entz M H. 2015. Crop agronomic performance under a six-year continuous organic no-till system and other tilled and conventionally-managed systems in the northern Great Plains of Canada. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 213: 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.07.029
Jabran K, Mahajan G, Sardana V and Chauhan B S. 2015. Allelopathy for weed control in agricultural systems. Crop Protection, 72: 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.03.004
Kamo T, Hiradate S and Fujii Y. 2003. First isolation of natural cyanamide as a possible allelochemical from hairy vetch Vicia villosa. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 29(2): 275-283. DOI: 10.1023/a:1022621709486
Kissing Kucek L, Riday H, Rufener B P, Burke A N, Eagen S S, Ehlke N, Krogman S, Mirsky S B, Reberg-Horton C, Ryan M R, Wayman S and Wiering N P. 2020. Pod Dehiscence in Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth). Journal of Frontiers in plant Science. 11: 82. doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00082
Lamei Haravani C and Vaalizadeh Dizj Kh. 2012. Selection of the most suitable combination of mixed cultivation of mullein with barley and triticale in Zanjan rainfed conditions. Iranian Journal of Rainfed Agricultural Sciences, 1(1): 17-39.
Lins R D, Colquhoun J and Mallory-Smith C A. 2006. Investigation of wheat as a trap crop for control of Orobanche minor. Journal of Weed research, 46: 313-318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2006.00515.x
Madejon P, Murillo J M, Maranon T, Cabrera F and Soriano M A. 2003. Trace element and nutrient accumulation in sunflower plants two years after the Aznalco llar mine spill. Journal of The Science of the Total Environment, 307: 239–257.
Midya A, Bhattacharjee K, Ghose S S and Banik P. 2005. Deferred seeding of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) field on yield advantages and smothering of weeds. Journal of Agronomy Crop Science. 191, 195–201.
Mirshkari B, Hosseinzadeh Moqbali A H and Shahrokhi Khanqah Sh. 2017. The effect of different periods of weed competition on the yield of Allstar sunflower. Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences, 1(2): 44-35.
Mohammadi G R. 2010. Weed control in irrigated corn by hairy vetch interseeded at different rates and times. Journal of Weed Biology and Management, 10(1): 25-32.
Nagabhushana G G. 2001. Allelopathic cover crops to reduce herbicide use in sustainable agricultural systems. Journal of Allelopathy, 8: 133-146.
Nawar, A. I, Salama, H. S. and Khalil, H. E. 2020. Additive intercropping of sunflower and soybean to improve yield and land use efficiency: Effect of thinning interval and nitrogen fertilization. Journal of Agricultural Research. 80(2): 142-152. DOI:10.4067/S0718-58392020000200142
Ngouajio M and McGiffen M E. 2002. Going organic changes weed population dynamics. Journal of Hort Technology, 12(4): 590-596
Putnam, A. R. 1990. Vegetable weed control with minimal herbicide inputs. Journal of Hort Science. 25(2): 155-159.
Ross K C, Colquhoun J B and Mallory-Smith C A. 2004. Small broomrape (Orobanche minor) germination and early development in response to plant species. Journal of Weed Science, 52(2): 260-266. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4046915
Rueda-Ayala V, Jaeck O and Gerhards R. 2015. Investigation of biochemical and competitive effects of cover crops on crops and weeds. Journal of Crop Protection, 71: 79e87.
Sareare, C T I C and ASTA. 2015. Cover crop survey annual report 2014-2015. (West Lafayette, IN: Conservation Technology Information Center). doi: 10.1002/ejoc.201200111.
Schenk S U and Werner D. 1991. Beta-(3-isoxazolin- 5- on-2yl)-alanine from pisum: allelopatic properties and antimycotic bioassay. Journal of Phytochemistry, 30: 467-470.
Singh R J, Pande K K, Sachan V K, Singh N K, Sahu R P and Singh M P. 2016. Productivity, profitability, and energy consumption of potato-based intercropping systems. International Journal of Vegetable Scinces, 22: 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2014.1003632
Ter borg S J. 1986. Effects of environmental factors on Orobanche-host relationships; a review and some recent results. In Proceedings of a Workshop on Biology and Control of Orobanche, Wageningen, The Netherlands: LH/-VPO. Pp. 57–69.
Tillman G G, Schomberg H H, Phatak S S, Mullinix B B, Lachnicht S S, Timper P P and Olson D D. 2004. Influence of cover crops on insect pests and predators in conservation tillage cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 1217-1232. DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-97.4.1217
Tosti G, Benincasa P, Farneselli M, Tei F and Guiducci M. 2014. Barley–hairy vetch mixture as cover crop for green manuring and the mitigation of N leaching risk. Journal of Agronomy, 54: 34-39.
Uchino H, Iwama K, Jitsuyama Y, Yudate T and Nakamura S. 2009. Yield losses of soybean and maize by competition with interseeded cover crops and weeds in organic-based cropping systems. Journal of Crops Research, 113(3): 342-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.06.013
USDA-NASS. 2019. 2017. Census of Agriculture (Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture). Available at: https://www.nass.usda.gov/ Publications/AgCensus/2017/index.ph.
Van Gessel M J and Renner K A. 2000. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) interference in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Journal of Weed Science, 48: 338- 343.
Williams M M, Boydston R A and Davis A S. 2008. Differential tolerance in sweet corn to wild proso millet (Panicum Miliaceum) interference. Journal of Weed Scincens, 56: 91-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-7-062.1
Yousefi A R and Angel Eli M. 2014. Management of sunflower weeds using cover plants. Journal of Modern Science of Sustainable Agriculture, 9(1): 77-69.
Zhang L, Ren J, Duan Y, Zhang J, Evers J B and Zhang Y. 2019. Intercropping potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with hairy vetch (vicia villosa) increases water use efficiency in dry conditions. Journal of Crops research, 240: 168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.12.002
Zimdahl R H. 2007. Fundamentals of Weed Sciences. Academic Press, New York, 666 pp.
 
دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 36، شماره 2
1405
صفحه 239-254

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار