بررسی عملکرد و خصوصیات رشدی اکوتیپ‌های یونجه در شرایط شوری خاک با تلقیح سویه‌های مقاوم به شوری باکتری سینوریزوبیوم ملیلوتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

    به منظور بررسی اثر تلقیح سویه­های مقاوم به شوری باکتری سینوریزوبیوم ملیلوتی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سه اکوتیپ یونجه آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی در سال ۱۳۹۰ تا 1393 اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل سه سویه باکتری سینوریزوبیوم ملیلوتی بود که بر اساس تست مقاومت به شوری در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و همچنین ارزیابی گلخانه‌ای انتخاب گردیدند. فاکتور فرعی سه اکوتیپ یونجه شامل قره یونجه، همدانی و ملک‌کندی بودند. سویه‌های منتخب باکتری با بذر سه اکوتیپ یونجه تلقیح و در شرایط مزرعه‌ در خاکی با EC برابر 3/7 دسی­زیمنس بر متر کشت شدند و اثر آنها بر صفات تعداد ساقه در مترمربع، ارتفاع گیاه و عملکرد علوفه تر و خشک بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد اثر متقابل اکوتیپ­ یونجه و سویه باکتری بر صفات تعداد ساقه در مترمربع، عملکرد علوفه­ تر و خشک معنی­دار است. بیشترین تعداد ساقه در مترمربع (377 عدد) مربوط به اکوتیپ ملک کندی و در شرایط بدون تلقیح با باکتری بود. ترکیب تیماری اکوتیپ همدانی تلقیح شده با سویه شماره 7 و اکوتیپ ملک­کندی تلقیح شده با سویه­های شماره 10 و 5 به ترتیب با 52/5، 05/5 و 02/5 تن در هکتار، بیشترین علوفه خشک را تولید نمودند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می­دهد تلقیح اکوتیپ یونجه با سویه ریزوبیومی که همزیستی خوبی با آن داشته باشد، رشد بهتر و افزایش تولید علوفه در شرایط شور را موجب ­گردیده و حفظ حاصلخیزی خاک و رسیدن به پایداری در کشاورزی را به دنبال خواهد داشت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the Yield and Growth Characteristics of Alfalfa Ecotypes in Soil Salinity Condition by Inoculation of Sinorhizobium Meliloti Salt Resistant Strains

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Tavasolee 1
  • Kazem Khavazi 2
  • Hasan Monirifar 3
  • Hossein Besharati 2
  • Nader Mirfakhraei 3
  • Mahdieh Shmshirpour 2
  • Sedgali Zamani 1
چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted in a split plot design in order to evaluate the effect of three ecotypes of alfalfa inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti strains resistant to salinity on yield and yield components in the East Azarbaigan agricultural research and natural resources center during the years 2011-2014. Three strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti were the main factor that selected based on the in-vitro salt tolerance testing and greenhouse evaluation. Three ecotypes of alfalfa including Garayonje, Hamedani and Malekkandy were subploted. Selected strains of rhizobium inoculated with three ecotypes of alfalfa'seed and cultivated in a soil with EC= 7.3 dS.m-1 and their effects were investigated on the number of stem per square meter, plant height and fresh and dry matter yield. The results showed that, interaction between rhizobia strains and alfalfa ecotypes was meaningful on the number of stem per square meter, fresh and dry forage yield. The highest number of stems per square meter (377) achieved with non inoculated Malekkandy ecotype. The highest dry matter achieved by Hamadani ecotype that inoculated with the strain No. 7 and Malekkandy ecotype inoculated with strains No. 10 and 5, that these strains produced forage 5.52, 5.05 and 5.02 tons per hectare, respectively. The results show that rhizobium strains that have well symbiosis with alfalfa ecotype may have better plant growth and increase feed production, maintaining soil fertility and achieve sustainability in agriculture in areas with salinity strsses.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Garayonje
  • Hamedani
  • Malekkandy
  • Rhizobium Symbiosis
  • Soil Salinity
  • Yield
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