خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و عملکرد اسانس گیاه ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) با کاربرد نیتروژن و آهن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

 ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان دارویی است کـه اسانس آن در صنایع مختلف داروسازی، آرایشی و بهداشتی استفاده می‌شود. به‌منظور بررسی اثر تیمارهای کود نیتروژن و آهن بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و اسانس گیاه ریحان، پژوهشی در سال 1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان انجام گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل کود نیتروژن در چهار سطح صـفر، 60، 120 و 180 کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبـع اوره و کود آهن در سه سطح صفر، دو و چهار گرم در لیتر از منبع نانو‌کلات‌آهن (9 درصد آهن)‌ بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر تیمار‌های نیتروژن و آهن بر روی تعداد شاخه‌های جانبی، تعداد گره، ارتفاع گیاه، عملکرد تر و خشک، درصد و عملکرد اسانس معنی‌دار بود. بالاترین مقدار اسانس (84/0 درصد) در تیمار دو گرم در لیتر آهن و به دنبال آن در تیمار دو گرم در لیتر آهن به همراه 180 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن (79/0 درصد) در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد (51/0 درصد) حاصل شد. همچنین بیشترین میزان عملکرد تر و خشک و عملکرد اسانس در تیمار دو گرم در لیتر آهن به همراه 180 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن مشاهده شد. به­طوری که عملکرد اسانس در این تیمار ( 6/13 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به نزدیک دو برابر تیمار شاهد ( 1/7 کیلوگرم در هکتار) رسید. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که بهترین تیمار دو گرم در لیتر آهن به همراه 180 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن برای دستیابی به بیشترین میزان عملکرد تر و خشک و مقدار اسانس قابل توصیه می‌باشد.

 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Morphological Characteristics and Essential Oil Production of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under Application of Nitrogen and Iron

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Phanahinia
  • Mohsen Sanikhani
  • Azizollah Kheiri
چکیده [English]

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants that its essential oil utilized in different medicinal industries. In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and iron nutrients on morphological characteristics and essential oil content and yield of Sweet Basil, this research was performed in agricultural research farm of the University of Zanjan. The experiment conducted based on randomized complete block design in factorial arrangements with three replications. Factors include four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg.ha-1) as urea and iron in three levels (0, 2 and 4 g.L-1) as nano iron chelate. Results showed that nitrogen and iron applications significantly influenced on number of lateral branches, number of nodes, plant height, fresh and dry weight, essential oil content and total essential oil production. The highest content of essential oil (i.e. 0.84%) was recorded in 2 g.L-1 iron followed by the combination of 2 g.L-1 iron plus 180 kg.ha-1 nitrogen (i.e. 0.79%) compared to 0.51% essential oil in control treatment. The highest fresh and dry weight, and total essential oil production was recorded in 2 g.L-1 iron in combination with 180 kg.ha-1 nitrogen. In this treatment the total essential oil production (13.6 kg.ha-1) was reached to almost twice of the control (7.1 kg.ha-1). Collectively the results showed that the best treatment for highest vegetative growth leading to high fresh and dry weight and essential oil production achieved in 2 g.L-1 iron in combination with 180 kg.ha-1 nitrogen.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential Oil
  • Iron
  • Morphology
  • Nutrition
  • Sweet Basil
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