بررسی وضعیت رطوبتی و تولید گیاهان زراعی در اقلیمهای مختلف ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اکولوژی ، دانشگاه زابل

2 دانشیار دانشگاه زابل

3 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 استاد دانشگاه زابل

5 سازمان هواشناسی کل کشور

چکیده

  خشکسالی در دوره­های زمانی مختلفی رخ می­دهد، که طول دوره، شدت و گستردگی آن از سالی به سال دیگر متفاوت است. بنابراین مدیریت صحیح در کنترل و کاهش خسارات ناشی از خشکسالی بسیار مهم است. هدف این مقاله جمع­آوری و تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات استاندارد شده درباره نقش سیستم­های پیش­آگاهی با استفاده از شاخص­های خشکی فائو 56 و یونسکو در زراعت برخی گیاهان مهم زراعی ایران شامل؛ غلات (گندم، جو، ذرت و برنج)، حبوبات (لوبیا، نخود، عدس و یونجه) و گیاهان صنعتی (آفتابگردان، سویا، کلزا، چغندر­قند، سیب­زمینی و پنبه) در مناطق اقلیمی کشور است. در این مطالعه از دوره آماری حداقل 30 ساله (از 1961 تا 2010) استفاده گردید. میانگین بارش سالانه (میلی­متر در سال) و تبخیر و تعرق مرجع (میلی­متر در سال) در ایستگاه­های با اقلیم خیلی خشک به­ترتیب 56/76 و 03/3001 میلی­متر در سال بود، این مقادیر برای ایستگاه­های با اقلیم خشک 41/195 و 44/2249،  ایستگاه­های نیمه خشک 9/343 و 62/1351، ایستگاه­های نیمه مرطوب 8/583 و 4/1153 و برای ایستگاه­های مرطوب 16/1272 و 91/949 میلی­متر در سال بود. بیشترین و کمترین بارندگی سالانه به ترتیب در ایستگاه­های رشت (5/1337 میلی­متر در سال) و زابل (7/57 میلی­متر در سال) رخ می­دهد. بیشترین و کمترین تبخیر و تعرق مرجع به­ترتیب در ایستگاه­های چابهار (15/3909 میلی­متر در سال) و بندر انزلی (6/890 میلی­متر در سال) رخ می­دهد. بنابراین حدود 63/13 درصد از ایستگاه­های مورد مطالعه شرایط مناسبی جهت تولید محصولات زراعی دارند و 37/86 درصد در وضعیت بحرانی و ناپایدار قرار دارند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Moisture Status and Crop Production in Different Climate of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Sharafi 1
  • Mahmud Ramrodi 2
  • Mehdi Nasiri Mahalati 3
  • Mohammad Galavi 4
  • Gholam Ali Kamali 5
چکیده [English]

Drought varies with regard to the time of occurrence, duration, intensity, and extent of the area affected from year to year. The objective of this study was therefore to gather and analyze standardized information on Role of Early Warning Systems by FAO56 and UNESCO models for cereals (wheat, barley, corn and rice), leguminous (bean, chickpea, lentil and alfalfa) and industrial crops (soybean, sunflower, canola, sugare beat, potato and cotton) in Iran environmental zones. To gather information on perceived risks and foreseen impacts of climatic factors on crops production, we designed a set of qualitative and quantitative data from agrometeorological and agriculture organizations in 44 stations in Iran (1961-2010). Annual average rainfall (mm.y-1) and ETo (mm.y-1) in stations with very dry climate are 76.56 and 3001.03, respectively, these rates for stations with dry climate are 195.41 mm.y-1 and 2249.44 mm.y-1, for stations with semi dry climate is 343.9 mm.y-1 and 1351.62 mm.y-1, for stations with semi humid climate is 583.8 mm.y-1 and 1153.4 mm.y-1 and for stations with humid climate is 1272.16 mm.y-1 and 949.91 mm.y-1. The maximum and minimum of Annual average rainfall happened in Rasht (1337.5 mm.y-1) and Zabol (57.7 mm.y-1) stations, and the maximum and minimum for Annual average ETo happened in Chabahar (3909.15 mm.y-1) and Anzali harbor (890.6 mm.y-1), respectively. Therefore, 13.63 percent of stations have suitable conditions for crop productions and 86.37 percent are in critical and unsustainable conditions.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aridity Index
  • Drought Monitoring
  • Evaporation
  • Iran
  • Transpiration
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