تعیین بهره‌وری بهینه مصرف آب در پایداری تولید گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

3 بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس

چکیده

منابع در اختیار انسان محدود است و مفهوم کارآمدی منابع در واقع پاسخ و تدبیر انسان برای استفاده صحیح از منابع در برابر این محدودیت است. تحلیل پایداری مبنایی برای تعیین استانداردهای محیطی است که میزان بهره‌برداری از منابع را تعیین و کنترل می‌کند و بیان کننده فاصله بین شرایط بهینه و وضعیت موجود می‌باشد. در کشاورزی،  پایداری منابع بیش از هر چیز به نوع بهره‌برداری و الگوی کشت وابسته است. تعیین کارآیی تولید در مزارع مختلف و تعریف مقدار پتانسیل آن در منطقه می‌تواند برای ارزیابی پایداری تولید مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. در تحقیق حاضر روشی برای دستیابی به مقادیر پتانسیل کارآیی تولید محصول (PCWP) در شرایط عدم قطعیت تعریف شد و با مقادیر واقعی آن که از اندازه‌گیری‌های میدانی بدست آمد، مقایسه گردید. از این فرآیند شاخصی جهت ارزیابی پایداری منابع آب و معرفی مزارع برتر حاصل گردید. علاوه ‌براین برای ارزیابی اعتبار کارآئی تولید درون مزرعه نیز استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که میزان هیدرومدول بهینه تأمین آب در منطقه برابر با 44/0لیتربرثانیه‌برهکتار بود که در شرایط فعلی میزان برداشت آب بطور متوسط بیش از دوبرابر این مقدار می‌باشد. میزان متوسط ریسک پایداری تولید گندم برابر با 38درصد برآورد گردید. با بهره‌گیری از روش‌های عدم‌قطعیت مزارع برتر شناسایی شدند که می‌توانند به عنوان الگوهای مناسبی در افزایش ضریب مدیریتی و در نتیجه افزایش CWP نقش داشته باشند. متوسط CWP در مزارع برتر یک و در کل منطقه 54% بود اما انتخاب مزارع برتر صرفاً به دلیل CWP بالا نبود و احتمال دستیابی به آن نیز مدنظر بود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the Optimal Water Use Efficiency in Wheat Production Sustainability

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Sheibani 1
  • Ahmad Ghanbari 2
  • Mohammad Reza Asghari Pour 2
  • Behrouz Abolpour 3
چکیده [English]

Environmental resources that available for human are limited and the concept of resource efficiency is the human response and management for the correct use of resources against this limitation. Sustainability analysis is the basis for setting environmental standards that define and control the level of resource utilization that express the distance between the optimum conditions and the current situation.  Impermanence of resources, especially water resources is one of the main challenges that the whole world including our country, Iran is facing severely. In agriculture, sustainability of this resource depends to type of utilization methods and cropping pattern more than anything else. Therefore, determining and comparing the crop production efficiency of different fields and its potential value could be used for determining the sustainability in the region. Therefore, in this study potential crop water productivity (PCWP) defined and compared with actual values that were obtained from field measurements. Moreover, a method for evaluating the validity of farm production efficiency was introduced that is essential for identifying the key issues of water resources management. Results showed that an optimum value of water supplying hydro-module is equal to 0.44 (Lit/sec-ha) that current water harvesting are more than two times of it and the average production sustainability risk is about 38%. By using uncertainty method superior farms identified which could be applied as models that contributed in increasing management factor and consequently CWP. The average values of CWP in superior farm was 1and 54% in other parts of the region. High CWP was not the reason for selecting the farm as a superior but its probability was also considered. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Modeling
  • performance
  • Risk
  • Sustainability
  • uncertainty
  • Water resource

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 27، شماره 2
تیر 1396
صفحه 1-18

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