تأثیر کودهای شیمیایی، زیستی و آلی بر شاخص‌های رشدی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان تحت شرایط آبیاری کم و بهینه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات (گرایش فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی) دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

3 گروه خاکشناسی (گرایش بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک)، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

چکیده

   به منظور بررسی تاثیر کودهای شیمیایی، زیستی و آلی و سطوح آبیاری بر برخی شاخص­های رشد و عملکرد آفتابگردان، آزمایشی در سال 1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، به صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل دو سطح آبیاری بهینه و کم آبیاری (به ترتیب آبیاری پس از 60 و 120 میلی­متر تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) به عنوان کرت­های اصلی و تیمارهای کودی شامل:1- عدم کاربرد کود (شاهد)، 2- کاربرد 100 درصد کود شیمیایی پیشنهاد شده (NP)، 3- ورمی­کمپوست، 4- فسفونیتروکارا، 5- ورمی­کمپوست+ فسفونیتروکارا، 6- ورمی­کمپوست+ 50% کود شیمیایی پیشنهاد شده، 7- فسفو نیتروکارا+ 50% کود شیمیایی پیشنهاد شده، 8- ورمی­کمپوست+ فسفونیتروکارا+ 50% کود شیمیایی پیشنهاد شده 9- 50% کود شیمیایی پیشنهاد شده به عنوان کرت­های فرعی بود. کم آبیاری تمامی صفات مورد بررسی را به طور معنی­داری کاهش داد. شاخص­های رشد، غلظت کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه، روغن و پروتئین تحت تاثیر تیمارهای کودی در مقایسه با شاهد بدون مصرف کود، افزایش نشان دادند. عموماٌ، در شرایط آبیاری بهینه حداکثر میزان صفات مذکور، در تیمار کاربرد کامل کود شیمیایی به دست آمد. اما در تنش کم آبیاری کودهای زیستی و آلی به ویژه تیمارهای ورمی­کمپوست+ 50%  کود شیمیایی و فسفونیتروکارا+ 50% کود شیمیایی از جایگاه بهتری نسبت به کاربرد کامل کود شیمیایی برخوردار بودند. به طور کلی، از مقایسه سطوح مختلف کودی می­توان چنین نتیجه گیری کرد که کودهای زیستی و آلی در کنار مقادیر کاهش یافته کودهای شیمیایی می­توانند نیازهای تغذیه­ای آفتابگردان را به ویژه در شرایط کم آبیاری تامین نمایند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Chemical, Biological and Organic Fertilizers on Growth Indices, Yield and Yield Components of Sunflower Under Optimum and Deficit Irrigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Soleymani 1
  • Goudarz Ahmadvand 2
  • Ali Akbar Safari Sinegani 3
چکیده [English]

The effect of chemical, biological and organic fertilizers and irrigation treatment on some growth indices and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus (L.) Var. Euroflour) were studied by a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm of Bu-Ali Sina University in 2015. Main plots consisted of two irrigation levels: optimum irrigation and deficit irrigation stress (irrigation after 60 and 120 mm evaporation from evaporation pan, class A, respectively) and sub-plots included of fertilizer treatments: 1- control (no fertilizer application), 2- full recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (NP), 3- vermicompost, 4- phospho-nitro kara, 5- vermicompost+ phospho nitro kara, 6- vermicompost+ ½ chemical fertilizers, 7- phospho nitro kara+ ½ chemical fertilizers, 8- vermicompost+ phospho nitro kara+ ½ chemical fertilizers, 9- ½ chemical fertilizers. Deficit irrigation reduced all traits, significantly. Growth indices, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, biological yield, seed, oil and protein yield increased as effected by fertilizer treatments. Generally, in optimum irrigation, maximum amount of mentioned traits were achieved in full dose of chemical fertilizers. But, in deficit irrigation treatment, biological and organic fertilizers, especially treatments of vermicompost+ ½ chemical fertilizers and phospho nitro kara+ ½ chemical fertilizers had the better rating than the full application of chemical fertilizers. In general, by comparing the studied fertilizers it could be concluded that bio and organic fertilizers with reduced doses of chemical fertilizers could provide sunflower nutritional needs, especially in deficit irrigation conditions.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carotenoid
  • Chlorophyll
  • Phospho Nitro Kara
  • Sunflower
  • Vermicompost
 
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