عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک ذرت با کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی تحت سطوح خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک ذرت در سطوح تنش خشکی، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در سال زراعی 1390 به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه کردستان انجام شد. سه سطح آبیاری شامل:  آبیاری مطلوب (آبیاری در پتانسیل آب خاک 3- بار)، تنش متوسط خشکی (آبیاری در پتانسیل آب خاک 7- بار) و تنش شدید خشکی (آبیاری در پتانسیل آب خاک 11- بار) در کرت‌های اصلی قرار گرفتند و چهار سطح کودی، شامل عدم مصرف کود (شاهد)، کود زیستی فسفاته بارور2 + نیتروکسین، کود شیمیایی و تلفیقی از دو نوع کود (50% کود شیمیایی + 100% کود زیستی) به عنوان سطوح فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کمبود آب اثرات منفی روی عملکرد داشت و کاربرد کود نتوانست از کاهش عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی جلوگیری نماید. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و کاربرد تیمار تلفیقی کود شیمیایی + کود زیستی فسفاته بارور 2 و نیتروکسین با میانگین عملکرد 13 تن در هکتار حاصل شد که نسبت به شاهد 257 درصد افزایش نشان داد. با افزایش شدت تنش محتوی کلروفیل a کاهش ولی محتوی کلروفیل b افزایش پیدا کرد. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت کاتالاز و پراکسیداز در شرایط تنش خشکی بیشتر از شرایط آبیاری مطلوب افزایش یافت. کاربرد کود تا حدودی باعث تعدیل اثرات تنش خشکی شد و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت را کاهش داد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Yield and Some Physiological Characteristics in Maize by Application of Bio and Chemical Fertilizers Under Drought Levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasrin Amani
  • Yousef Sohrabi
  • Gholamreza Heidari
چکیده [English]

The effects of bio and chemical fertilizers on yield and some of physiological characteristics in maize under drought stress levels, were studied by an experiment in the research field of agricultural faculty, university of kurdistan in 2011. The experiment was arranged in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Three irrigation levels containing optimal irrigation (irrigation at soil water potential -3 bar), moderate drought stress (irrigation at soil water potential -7 bar) and severe water stress (irrigation at soil water potential -11 bar) were allocated to main plots and four fertilizer levels including no fertilizer (control), chemical fertilizer, bio-fertilizer and a combination of biological and chemical fertilizer (100% biological + 50% chemical) were considered as sub factor. Results showed that water deficit stress had negative effects on yield, and the fertilizer application could not prevent reduction of grain yield under severe drought stress condition. The highest grain yield was obtained under optimum irrigation and application of combinational treatment chemical fertilizer + phosphate-biofertilizer + nitroxin with an average of yield 13 ton.ha-1 that showed a 257 percent increase in comparison with control. The chlorophyll a content was decreased, but chlorophyll b content was decreased with increasing stress intensity. The results showed that catalase and peroxidase enzymes activity were increased in drought stress conditions more than optimal irrigation condition. The application of fertilizer partly mitigated the effects of drought stress and reduced antioxidant enzymes activity.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical and Biological Fertilizers
  • Different Levels of Irrigation
  • Maize
  • Seed quality
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