تأثیر پایه پیوندی و مقادیر مختلف ورمی کمپوست بستر بر رشد، عملکرد و کیفیت میوه گوجه‌فرنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل

چکیده

        به منظور بررسی تاثیر پیوند و ورمی­کمپوست بر رشد، عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی گوجه­فرنگی آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در 4 تکرار در سال 1392 در گلخانه­ دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی در این آزمایش شامل پایه­های مختلف (رقم سیندا پیوند­ شده روی پایه­های یدی­، کینگ­کنگ و بدون پیوند­­(شاهد) و درصدهای مختلف ورمی‌کمپوست (صفر، 15، 30، 45 و 60 درصد) بود. پارامترهای اندازه­گیری شده شامل سطح برگ، شاخص سبزینگی، هدایت روزنه ای، تعداد خوشه و گل، دوره رشد میوه، تعداد میوه، میانگین وزن میوه، عملکرد، کل مواد جامد محلول، اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون و میزان فسفر و پتاسیم در بخش هوایی گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد که انجام پیوند، تعداد روز تا گلدهی در گیاهان پیوند شده را در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد افزایش داد. با افزودن ورمی­کمپوست به بسترها تعداد خوشه، گل و میوه گیاهان، اسید قابل تیتراسیون و کل مواد جامد محلول افزایش قابل توجهی نشان داد، اما میانگین وزن و اندازه میوه­ها با کاربرد این کود کاهش یافت. افزودن ورمی­کمپوست به بسترهای کشت، میزان فسفر و پتاسیم بخش هوایی گیاهان را نیز بهبود بخشید. برهمکنش پایه پیوندی و کاربرد ورمی­­کمپوست نیز بر عملکرد گیاهان و دوره رشد میوه­ها موثر واقع شد. در مجموع کاربرد ورمی­کمپوست همراه با پیوند روی پایه­های ’یدی‘ و ’کینگ­کنگ‘ می­تواند منجر به بهبود رشد رویشی و عملکرد در گیاهان گوجه­فرنگی گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Rootstock and Different Amounts of Vermicompost In Media on Yield and Qualitative Characteristics of Tomato

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behroz Esmaeilpour
  • Mohsen Dehghani Tafti
  • Mehdi Mohebodini
چکیده [English]

        The effects of grafting and vermicompost on yield and quality of tomato were studied by a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 4 replication in research greenhouse of Mohaghegh Ardabili University at 2013. Rootstocks (none-grafting, grafting on ‘Yedi’ and ‘KingKong’) and five volume of vermicompost (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60%) in substrate were considered as experimental factors. For this purpose, traits such as number of flower and truss, growth duration of fruits, number of fruits, fruits mean weight, fruit yield, TSS and TA of fruits, phosphorous and potassium content of aerial parts of plants were measured. Results showed that flowering in grafted plants significantly retarded in comparison to non-grafted plants. Addition of vermicompost into substrate significantly increased number of flowers, panicles and fruits per each plant, TSS and TA but mean weight and size of fruits was decreased. Application of vermicompost improved phosphorous and potassium content in aerial parts of plants. Interaction between grafting and vermicompost was significant on yield and growth duration of plants. In general, we can say that grafting on ‘KingKong’  and ‘Yedi’ rootstocks and application of vermicompost can improve yield and quality of tomato plants.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fruit Quality Index
  • Phosphorus
  • Potassium
  • Soluble Solid
  • Yield
Adinarayana V and Kumar ST .2006. Effect of applied phosphorus and vermicompost on removal of heavy metals by leafy vegetables in polluted soil. 18th World Congress of Soil Science, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Pp: 650-654.
Arancon NQ, Edwards C A and Bierman P .2006. Influences of vermicompost on field straw berries: Part 2. Effects on soil microbiological and chemical properties. Bioresource Technology, 97: 831-840.
Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Atiyh RM and Metzger JD .2004. Effects of vermicompost produced from food waste on the growth and yield of peppers. Bioresource Technology, 93: 139-144.
Atiyeh RM, Arancon N, Edwards CA and Metzger JD .2002. Influence of earthworm-processed pig manure on the growth and yield of greenhouse tomatoes. Bioresource Technology,75: 175-180.
 Atiyeh RM, Subler S, Edwarda CA and Metzeger J. 2001 .Pig manure vermicompost as a component of a horticultural bedding plant medium: Effects on physicochemical properties and plant growth. Bioresource Technology, 78: 11-20.
Azarmi R, Sharifi Ziveh P and Satari MR .2008. Effects of vermicompost on growth, yield and nutrition status of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(14): 1797-1802.
Bachman G and Metzger J.2007. Growth of bedding plants in commercial potting substrate amended with vermicompost. Bioresource Technology, 99: 91-98.
Bautista AS, Calatayud A, Nebauer SG, Pascual B, Maroto JV and Lopez-Galarza M. 2011. Effects of simple and double grafting melon plants on mineral absorption, photosynthesis, biomass and yield. Scientia Horticulturae, 130: 575-580.
Behnamian M and Masiha S .2002. Tomato. First edition. Sotodeh publishing. (in Persian).
Colla G, Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Salerno A and Rea E. 2010. The effectiveness of grafting to improve alkalinity tolerance in watermelon. Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany, 68: 283–291.
Davis AR, Perkins-Veazie P, Hassell R, Levi R, King SR and Zhang X. 2008. Grafting effects on vegetable quality. Hortscience, 6: 1670-1672.
Di gioia F, Serio F, Buttaro D, Ayala O and Santamaria P. 2010. Influence of rootstock vegetative growth, fruit yield and quality in ‘Cuore di Bue’, an heirloom tomato. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 85: 477–482.
Di gioia F, Signore A, Serio F, and Santamaria P.2013. Grafting improves tomato salinity tolerance through sodium partitioning within the shoot. Hortscience, 48(7):855–862.
Estevez-Caparros JM, Diaz-Perez M and Camacho-Ferre F. 2011. Influence of several rootstocks on yield of cultivars of pear cherry tomato cultivated under mesh greenhouse. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 9: 364-368.
Fernandez-Garcia N, Martinez V, Cerda A and Carvajal M. 2002. Water and nutrient uptake of grafted tomato plants grown under saline conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 159: 899-905.
Fernandez-Garcia N, Martinez V, Cerda A and Carvajal M . 2004.  Fruit quality of grafted tomato plants grown under saline conditions. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 79: 995–1001.
Flores FB, Sanchez-Bel P, Estan MT, Martinez-Rodriguez MM, Moyano E, Morales B, Compos JF, Garcia-Abellan JO, Egea MI, Fernandez-Garcia N, Romojaro F and Bolarin MC. 2010. The effectiveness of grafting to improve tomato fruit quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 125: 211-217.
GebologluN Yılmaz E, Cakmak P, Aydın M and Kasap Y. 2011. Determining of the yield, quality and nutrient content of tomatoes grafted on different rootstocks in soilless culture. Scientific Research and Essays, 10: 2147-2153.
He Y, Zhu ZJ, Yang J, Ni XL and Zhu B. 2009. Grafting increases the salt tolerance of tomato by improvement of photosynthesis and enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activity. Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany, 66: 270–278.
Huang Y, Tang R, Cao Q and Bie Z. 2009.  Improving the fruit yield and quality of cucumber by grafting onto the salt tolerance rootstock under NaCl stress. Scientica Horticulturae, 122: 26-31.
Jafari P and Jalali A. 2012. The use of grafting to improve salt tolerance of tomato in hydroponic conditions. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 3 (11) :67-76. (In  Persian).
Jones JB .2001. Laboratory Guide for Conduction of Soil Tests and Plant Analysis. CRC Press, LLC, USA.
Khah EM, Kakava E, Mavromatis A, Chachalis D and Goulas C. 2006. Effect of grafting on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in greenhouse and open-field. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 8: 3-7.
Lee JM and Oda M. 2003. Grafting of herbaceous vegetable and ornamental crops. Horticultural Reviews, 28: 61–124.
Leogrande R, Lopedota O, Montemurro F and Vitti C. 2012. Effects of irrigation regime and salinity on soil characteristics and yield of tomato. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 8: 50-57.
Martinez-Rodriguez MM, Estan MT, Moyano E, Garcia-Abellan JO, Flores FB, Campos JF, Al-Azzawi MJ, Flowers TJ and Bolarín MC.2008. The effectiveness of grafting to improve salt tolerance in tomato when an ‘excluder’ genotype is used as scion. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63: 392-401.
Mohsenian Sisakht Y, Roosta R. 2014.  Effect of eggplant, field tomato, datura, orange nightshade and Iranian tobacco rootstocks on iron and chlorophyll concentrations in grafted tomato. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 5 (17): 63-71. (In Persian).
Pogonyi A, Pek Z, Helyes L and Lugasi S. 2005.  Effect of grafting on the tomatoes yield, quality and main fruit components in spring forcing. Acta Alimentaria, 34: 453–462.
Proietti S, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Cardarelli M, Agazio MD, Zacchini M, Rea E, Moscatello S and Battistelli A. 2008. Fruit quality of mini-watermelon as affected by grafting and irrigation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88(6):  1107–1114.
Rouphael Y, Schwarz D, Krumbein A and Colla G. 2010. Impact of grafting on product quality of fruit vegetables. Scientia Horticulturae, 127: 172-179.
Sainz MJ, Taboada-Castro MT and Vilarino A. 1998. Growth, mineral nutrition and mycorrhizal colonization of red clover and cucumber plants grown in a soil amended with composted urban wastes. Plant and Soil, 205 (1): 85-92.
Salehi-Mohammadi R, Khasi A, Lee SG, Huh YC, Lee JM and DelshadM .2009. Assessing survival and growth performance of Iranian melon to grafting onto Cucurbit rootstocks. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 1: 1–6.
Santa-Cruz MM, Martinez-Rodriguez F, Perez-Alfocea R, Romero-Aranda R and Bolarin MC.2002. The rootstock effect on the tomato salinity response depends on the shoot genotype. Plant Science, 162: 825–831.
Singh BK, Pathak Boopathi T and Deka BC. 2010. Vermicompost and NPK fertilizer effects on morpho-physiological traits of plants, yield and quality of tomato fruits, Hortscience, 73: 77-86.
Suthar S . 2009. Impact of vermicompost and composted farmyard manure on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) field crop. Internantional Jorrnal of Plant Production, 3 (1): 125-133.
Turhan A, Ozmen N, Serbeci MS and Seniz V. 2011. Effects of grafting on different rootstocks on tomato fruit yield and quality. HortScience, 4: 142-149.
Vinkovic Vrcek I, Samobor V, Bojic M, Medic-Saric M, Vukobratovic M, Erhatic R, Horvat D and Matotan Z .2011. The effect of grafting on the antioxidant properties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 9: 844-851.
Wang D, Shi Q, Wang x, Wei M, Hu J, Liu J and Yang F. 2010. Influence of cow manure vermicompost on the growth, metabolite contents, and antioxidant activities of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis), Biology and Fertility of Soils, 46: 689-696.
Yilmaz S, Celik I and Zengin S. 2011. Combining effects of soil solarization and grafting on plant yield and soil-borne pathogens in cucumber. International Journal of Agronomy & Plant Production, 5: 95-104.
Zaller JG .2007. Vermicomposts as a substitute for peat in potting media: Effects on germination, biomass allocation, yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties. Scientia Horticulturae, 112: 191-199.