بررسی رشد و عملکرد یازده توده خربزه ایرانی در شرایط کم آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تنش کم­آبی بر رشد و عملکرد برخی از توده­های خربزه ایرانی، آزمایشی­ به صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان در سال 1393 انجام شد.  تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه سطح آبیاری (100، 66 و 33 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) و 1۱ توده خربزه شامل خاتونی، کالی، اورشنگ، موری، موزی، زرد تبریز (ساری قوون)، شیرازی، شیاردار، ازمیر، ایوانکی و سوسکی سبز بود. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای آبیاری بر طول بوته، تعداد میوه در بوته، وزن متوسط میوه، سطح برگ، درصد ماده خشک برگ، عملکرد، کلروفیل کل و کارتنوئید تاثیر معنی­داری داشت. تنش کم­آبی ۳۳ درصد نیاز آبی گیاه باعث افزایش ۹/۱ درصد ماده خشک برگ و کاهش به ترتیب ۴/۳۴ و ۷۵/۵۹ درصد وزن متوسط میوه و عملکرد گردید. کمترین طول بوته ، تعداد میوه در بوته، وزن متوسط میوه، سطح برگ و بیشترین ماده خشک برگ  در تنش شدید (33 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) حاصل شد. از نظر صفات مورد مطالعه در بین توده­های خربزه تفاوت معنی­داری وجود داشت. بیشترین عملکرد و وزن متوسط میوه در توده ایوانکی و بیشترین کلروفیل کل  در توده شیاردار در شرایط آبیاری 100 نیاز آبی گیاه مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، توده ایوانکی و موزی به ترتیب با بیشترین (۲۴/۵۷ و ۲۷/۷۲ درصد) و کمترین (۶۴/۱۸ و ۴/۴۳ درصد) کاهش وزن متوسط میوه و عملکرد در آبیاری ۳۳ درصد نسبت به آبیاری معمولی به ترتیب حساس‌ترین و متحمل‌ترین توده از لحاظ این صفت به تنش کم‌آبی می‌باشند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessingth Growth and Yield of Some Iranian Melons under Limited Water Condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Lotfi
  • Taher Barzegar
  • Zahra Ghahramani
  • Vali Rabiei
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effect of water deficit stress on growth and fruit yield of some Iranian melons, the experiment was set out in a split plot design with three replicates in research filed of University of Zanjan. Treatments consisted arrangement of three irrigation levels (starting irrigation at 100, 66 and 33% ETc) and 11 accessions of Iranian melons (Khatouni, Kali, Orshang, Mouri, Mozi, Zarde-Paeize, Shirazi, Shiardar, Ezmir, Eyvanaki and Suski-e-Sabz). Results showed that irrigation treatment had a significant effect on plant length, fruits number per plant, fruit weight, leaf area, leaf dry matter, yield, total chlorophyll and carotenoids. The water deficit stress 33% ETc caused 1.9% increases of leaf dry matter and reduced 34.4 and 59.75% of fruit weight and yield, respectively. The lowest values of plant length, number of fruits per plant,  fruit weight, leaf area  and the highest leaf dry matter was obtained in the sever water stress (start point of 33 ETc). Melon accessions showed significant differences in studied traits. The highest values of yield, fruit weight and total chlorophyll were obtained under 100% ETc irrigation in “Eyvanakei” and “Shiardar” respectively. According to the results, “Eyvanaki” and “Mozi” with highest (72.27%) and lowest (43.4%) reduction of yield under irrigation 33% ETc were sensitive and tolerance accession, respectively to the water deficit stress compared normal irrigation.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Evapotranspiration of Crop
  • Fruit Weight
  • Melon
  • Plant Length
  • Yield
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