تأثیر نیتروژن و ازتوباکتر بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد رقم روشن گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه با بافت خاک سیلتی لوم انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم در دو سطح (تلقیح بذور با ازتوباکتر در غلظت 107 باکتری در هر گرم و عدم تلقیح) و کود نیتروژن در پنج سطح (0، 50، 100، 150 و 200 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار از منبع اوره) بودند. اثر ازتوباکتر بر صفات عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، پروتئین دانه (P≤ 0.05)، شاخص کلروفیل، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع و وزن هزار دانه (P≤ 0.01) معنی‌دار بود. اثر نیتروژن بر تمام صفات به جز تعداد دانه در سنبله معنی‌دار بود (P≤ 0.01). اثرمتقابل دو فاکتور بر صفات عملکرد دانه، شاخص کلروفیل (P≤ 0.05)، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع و تعداد دانه در سنبله (P≤ 0.01) معنی‌دار بود. عملکرد دانه در ترکیب کودی تلقیح با ازتوباکتر و نیتروژن (100 کیلوگرم در هکتار) برابر با 4899 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که اختلاف معنی‌داری با 150 و 200 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار و تلقیح نداشت. این ترکیب کودی سبب افزایش 76/13 درصدی عملکرد دانه در مقایسه با عدم تلقیح و مصرف 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار شد. عملکرد دانه با وزن هزار دانه، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع، شاخص کلروفیل، شاخص سطح برگ و ارتفاع بوته همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار داشت. در مجموع، مصرف 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار و تلقیح با ازتوباکتر می‌تواند منجر به حصول پتانسیل عملکرد دانه، کاهش اثرات مخرب زیست‌محیطی و صرفه‌جویی در مصرف کود نیتروژنه گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on Yield and Yield components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Roushan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Peyman Sharifi
  • Mehdi Amiryusefi
چکیده [English]

This research was carried out in a field factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a silty loam soil. Experimental factors were including two levels of Azotobacter chroococcum (seed inoculation with azotobacter at a concentration of 107 bacteria per gram and uninoculation) and five levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N.ha-1 from urea source). Azotobacter effect was significant on grain yield, number of grains per spike, grain protein content (P≤ 0.05), SPAD, number of spike per m2 and thousand grain weight (P≤ 0.01). Effect of nitrogen was significant on all of the traits except of number of grains per spike (P≤ 0.01). Interaction effect of two factors was significant on grain yield, SPAD (P≤ 0.05), plant hight, number of spike per m2 and number of grains per spike (P≤ 0.01). Grain yield was 4899 kg.ha-1 in combination of seed inoculation with azotobacter and nitrogen (100 kg.ha-1), which there was no significant differences with 150 and 200 kg N.ha-1. This fertilizer combination increased seed yield by 13.76%, compared to uninoculation and nitrogen (100 kg.ha-1). There were positive and significant correlation between grain yield and SPAD, number of spike per m2, number of grains per spike, thousand grains, plant hight and leaf area index (LAI). Overall, the inoculation with azotobacter bacteria and nitrogen (100 kg.ha-1) could achieve grain yield potential, reduce the adverse environmental impacts and save the N-fertilizer utilization.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azotobacter
  • Grain Yield
  • Inoculation
  • Microorganisms
  • Nitrogen
  • Wheat
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