ارزیابی اثرات محیط زیستی تولید توت‌فرنگی در دو سیستم ارگانیک و مرسوم (مطالعه موردی: استان کردستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه کشاورزی اکولوژیک، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

ارزیابی چرخه حیات یکی از روش­های ارزیابی اثرات محیط زیستی است که بر مبنای فرایند تولید توسعه‌یافته است. در ارزیابی چرخه حیات اثرات تحمیلی ناشی از تولید یک محصول و یا یک فرایند و یا یک فعالیت به‌وسیله تشخیص و کمی_سازی انرژی و مواد استفاده‌_شده و ضایعات و پسماندهای تولیدی که به محیط‌زیست وارد می­کند، ارزیابی می­شود. در این مطالعه ارزیابی اثرات محیط زیستی از ابتدا کاشت تا درب مزرعه برای روش کشت رایج و ارگانیک تولید توت‌فرنگی با استفاده از چرخه عمر در استان کردستان برآورد شد. اطلاعات اولیه از کشاورزان منطقه جمع‌آوری شد. اثرات بررسی‌_شده در این مطالعه گرمایش جهانی، اسیدی شدن، سرشارسازی، اکسیداسیون­های فتوشیمیایی، سمیت برای آب­های شیرین، سمیت برای آبزیان دریایی، سمیت برای خشکی­ها، سمیت برای انسان­ها، استفاده از منابع غیرزندهو کاهش لایه ازونبر اساس روش CML2 baseline2000 V2/ world1995بود. واحد کارکردی در این مطالعه یک تن توت‌فرنگی تولیدی در نظر گرفته شد. ارزیابی اثرات در دو سناریو رایج و ارگانیک نشان داد که در همه طبقات اثر، اثرات محیط زیستی کشت رایج توت‌فرنگی بیشتر از کشت ارگانیک بود و در کشت رایج کودها و الکتریسیته بیشترین اثرات مخرب را به محیط‌زیست وارد می‌کنند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental Impact Assessment of Strawberry Production in Two Conventional and 0rganic Production Systems: (Case Study: Kurdistan Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Salah Mafakheri
  • Hadi Veisi
  • Omid Noori
  • Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani
چکیده [English]

         Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that has been developed on the basis of the production process. In the life cycle assessment, the imposed effects resulting from the production of a product, process or an activity have been investigated by identifying and quantifying energy, materials used and emissions into the environment. In this study, the environmental impacts of cradle-to-farm-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) for the conventional and organic cultivation methods of strawberry in Kurdistan province of Iran have been estimated. The preliminary data were collected from the farmers of the studied region during the growing season.   The resulting impacts consisted of the following: Abiotic  Depletion  potential,  Acidification  potential,  Eutrophication  potential,  Global Warming  potential,  Ozone  Depletion  potential,  Human  Toxicity potential,  Freshwater  and  Marine  Aquatic  Ecotoxicity  potential,  Terrestrial  Ecotoxicity  potential,  and  Photochemical  Oxidation  potential, all of which were selected  based  on  CML2baseline 2000  V2/world,  1995/characterization  method. The functional unit in the present study revolved around one ton of strawberry. Assessing the impacts of the two scenarios indicated that in all impact categories, the environmental impacts of the Conventional cultivation method of strawberry are more than those of organic production system. The results signified that in the Conventional cultivation method, fertilizers and electricity had the most detrimental impacts on the environment. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conventional Cultivation
  • Environmental Impact
  • Organic Cultivation
  • Life cycle assessment
  • Strawberry
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