ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و کیفی ذرت علوفه‌ای و ریحان تحت تأثیر کودهای زیستی، شیمیایی و تلفیقی نیتروژنی در کشت مخلوط

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

      به منظور ارزیابی اثر کودهای زیستی، شیمیایی و تلفیقی نیتروژن بر عملکرد و برخی از صفات کیفی ذرت علوفه­ای و ریحان در کشت مخلوط افزایشی، آزمایشی در طی سال­های 1393 و 1394 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه لرستان اجرا شد. فاکتور اول کاربرد کود در چهار سطح: عدم کاربرد کود، کود شیمیایی نیتروژن، کود زیستی نیتروکسین و کاربرد تلفیقی 50 درصد کود نیتروژن + کود زیستی نیتروکسین و فاکتور دوم الگو­های کشت مخلوط شامل کشت خالص ذرت علوفه­ای و ریحان، کشت مخلوط ذرت علوفه­ای +25 % ریحان، کشت مخلوط ذرت علوفه­ای + 50 % ریحان، کشت مخلوط ذرت علوفه­ای+ 75 % ریحان و کشت مخلوط ذرت علوفه­ای + 100 % ریحان بود. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار کود تلفیقی دارای بیشترین میزان پروتئین (43/9 درصد) بود، اما از لحاظ عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت علوفه­ای، تیمار کود شیمیایی نسبت به سایر تیمارهای کودی برتر بود. کشت خالص ذرت دارای بیشترین وزن تر و خشک برگ، عملکرد تر و خشک علوفه و پروتئین بود. کشت خالص ریحان به همراه تلفیق کود زیستی+ 50% کود شیمیایی در سال دوم بیشترین مقدار وزن تر و خشک را بدست آورد. بیشترین میزان نسبت برابری زمین (566/1) در هر دو سال زراعی مربوط به تیمار کشت مخلوط ذرت علوفه­ای + 100 % ریحان به همراه کود زیستی بود. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان می­دهد استفاده از کود تلفیقی به عنوان راهکاری به منظور کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در راستای کشاورزی پایدار در نظر گرفته شود.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Yield Quantity and Quality of Forage Corn and Sweet Basil Affected by Biological, Chemical and Integrated Nitrogen Fertilizers in Intercropping

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sajad kordi 1
  • Jalil Shafagh Kolvanagh 2
  • Saeid Zehtab Salmasi 2
  • Mashallah Daneshvar 3
چکیده [English]

          In order to evaluate yield and some qualitative traits of forage corn and sweet basil under nitrogen fertilizers (biological, chemical and integrated) in additive intercropping a field experiment was carried out in the Experimental Farm Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University during 2014-2015 growing seasons. The treatments were arranged in a factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimental treatments were 100% chemical fertilizer (N), bio-fertilizer (nitroxin), integration of bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer and control and different intercropping systems consisted of sole cropping corn and sweet basil and the additive intercropping of corn + 25% sweet basil, corn + 50% sweet basil, corn + 75% sweet basil and corn + 100% sweet basil. The results showed that integration of bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer had the highest protein of forage (9.43%), but in terms of yield and yield components of forage corn, chemical fertilizer was better to the other treatments. The highest fresh and dry leaf weight, fresh and dry forage yield and forage crude Protein were obtained from sole cropping pattern of corn.  Sole cropping pattern of sweet basil with integration of bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer in the second year had the highest fresh and dry yield. The highest LER (1.566) belonged to corn + 100% sweet basil with bio-fertilizer. The results showed that using the integration of bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer could be considered as a way to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Additive Intercropping
  • Forage Corn
  • Fresh Forage Yield
  • Nitrogen
  • Nitroxin
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