بهبود کمی و کیفی علوفه در کشت مخلوط ذرت - لگوم با کاربرد کود زیستی نیتروکسین در کشت دوم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه

3 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه

چکیده

     به­منظور بررسی کمیت و کیفیت علوفه در چند کشتی ذرت (Zea mays L.) با ماشک گل خوشه­ای (Vicia villosa)، شبدر (Trifolium alexanderinum L.)، اسپرس (Onobrychis vicifolia) و خلر (Lathyrus sativus)، آزمایشی بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 14 تیمار و سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه در سال زراعی 1394 اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل کشت­های خالص ذرت هیبرید 704، ماشک گل خوشه‌ای، خلر، اسپرس، شبدر برسیم و کشت مخلوط ذرت با هر یک از لگوم‌ها در حالت تلقیح و عدم تلقیح با کود بیولوژیک نیتروکسین بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد کل علوفه خشک به تیمار ذرت تلقیح شده با نیتروکسین+ ماشک و کمترین میزان آن نیز به کشت خالص اسپرس تعلق داشت. همچنین، بیشترین میزان پروتئین خام (5/277 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) به تیمار کشت خالص ماشک و کمترین میزان آن (60/60 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) به ذرت خالص بدون تلقیح مربوط بود. علاوه بر این بیشترین میزان دیواره سلولی (NDF) و دیواره سلولی بدون همی‌سلولز (ADF) به کشت خالص ذرت (عدم تلقیح) و کمترین میزان آنها در کشت خالص ماشک و کشت مخلوط ذرت تلقیح شده با نیتروکسین+ ماشک مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقادیر ماده خشک مصرفی (DMI)، ماده خشک قابل هضم (DDM)، ارزش نسبی تغذیه‌ای (RFV)، انرژی ویژه شیردهی (NEL) و کل مواد مغذی قابل هضم (TDN) در کشت خالص ماشک گل خوشه‌ای بدست آمد. همچنین در بین تیمارهای مخلوط بیشترین مقادیر پروتئین خام، خاکستر، DMI، DDM، RFV و NEL در ذرت تلقیح شده با نیتروکسین+ ماشک بدست آمد. بطور کلی نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که اثر ماشک گل خوشه‌ای در کشت مخلوط با ذرت بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی علوفه تولید شده بیشتر از سایر لگوم­ها بود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Improvement of Forage Quantity and Quality in Corn-Legumes Intercropping with Nitroxin Biofertilizer Application in Double Cropping

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdollah Javanmard 1
  • Mostafa Amani Machiani 2
  • Farzad Rasoli 3
چکیده [English]

Forage quantity and quality in simultaneous cropping of maize with vetch (Vicia villosa), grass pea (Lathyrus sativus), sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia), berseem clover (Trifolium alexanderinum L.), studied by experiment as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 14 treatments and three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh during 2015. The treatments were monocultures of maize (SC 704), Vetch, Grass pea, Sainfoin, Berseem clover and intercropping maize with each legume in inoculated and non-inoculated with nitroxin biofertilizer. The results showed that the highest and lowest forage yield were obtained in maize (inoculation)+ vetch intercropping and sainfoin monoculture, respectively. Also, the highest (277.5 g.kgDM-1) and the lowest (60.60 g.kgDM-1) crude protein were achieved in vetch and maize monoculture (without inoculation), respectively. In addition to, the highest acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) values were obtained in monoculture of maize (no -inoculation). The lowest ADF and NDF values were obtained in vetch monoculture and intercropping of maize (inoculation) + vetch. The highest values of DMI, DDM, RFV, NEL and TDN was observed in vetch monocultures. Also, between intercropping patterns, the highest values of these indices were obtained in intercropping of maize (inoculation) + vetch. Generally, the results of this study exhibited that the effects of vetch on the quality and quantity of forages was higher than other legumes in intercropping patterns.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bio-Fertilizer
  • Crude Protein
  • Dry Matter Digestibility
  • Sustainable Agriculture
  • Net Energy of Lactation
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