بهبود شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد سویا (Glycine max L.) با مدیریت تلفیقی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران

4 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی شاخص­های رشد، عملکرد و مقدار نیتروژن و فسفر اندام هوایی سویا تحت تأثیر کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی، آزمایشی در سال 1394 به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان انجام گرفت. فاکتور اول، کود زیستی بایوسوی حاوی سویه­های مختلف باکتری Bradyrhizobium japonicom  شامل تلقیح بذور و عدم تلقیح آنها و فاکتور دوم کود شیمیایی شامل عدم کاربرد کود (صفر %)، 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره + 66 کیلوگرم در هکتار دی­آمونیوم فسفات (33%)، 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره + 132 کیلوگرم در هکتار دی­آمونیوم فسفات (66%)، 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره + 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار دی­آمونیوم فسفات (100%) بود. نتایج نشان داد که کمترین مقدار شاخص سطح برگ (17/2)، تجمع ماده خشک کل (17/374 گرم در متر مربع)، سرعت رشد محصول (6/8 گرم در متر مربع در روز)، عملکرد دانه (3/3738 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و شاخص کلروفیل برگ (83/20) برای ترکیب تیماری عدم تلقیح و عدم کاربرد کود شیمیایی ثبت شد و بیشترین مقادیر شاخص سطح برگ (46/5)، تجمع ماده خشک کل (5/784 گرم در متر مربع)، سرعت رشد محصول (21 گرم در متر مربع در روز)، عملکرد دانه (8/7602 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، شاخص کلروفیل برگ (16/38) از ترکیب تیماری تلقیح با بایوسوی و 33 درصد کودهای شیمیایی به­ دست آمد. تیمار تلقیح با بایوسوی نسبت به عدم تلقیح برتری معنی­داری از نظر درصد نیتروژن اندام­های هوایی و نسبت نیتروژن به فسفر نشان داد. بنابراین با تلقیح بذرهای سویا با کود زیستی بایوسوی می­توان علاوه بر افزایش رشد، نمو و عملکرد گیاه، از مصرف کودهای شیمیایی، هزینه تولید  و خطرات زیست محیطی کاست. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving Soybean (Glycine max L.) Growth and Yield by Integrated Mineral and Bio-Fertilizers Management

نویسندگان [English]

  • Manochehr Shiri Janagard 1
  • Morteza Kamrani 2
  • saeed Hokmalipour 3
  • Yaegoob Raei 4
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate growth indices, yield, and nitrogen and phosphorous content in soybean under bio- and chemical fertilizer application, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out on the research farm of the Moghan College of Agriculture & Natural Resources during 2015. The first factor, Biosoy Bio-fertilizer containing different strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria, included inoculation of seed and non-inoculation; and the second factor, chemical fertilizer, included non-application of fertilizers (0%), 50 kg.ha-1 urea + 66 kg.ha-1 diammonium phosphate (33%), 100 kg.ha-1  urea + 132 kg.ha-1  diammonium phosphate (66%), and 150 kg.ha-1 urea + 200 kg.ha-1 diammonium phosphate (100%). The results showed that the lowest leaf area index (2.17), total dry matter accumulation (374.17 g.m-2), crop growth rate (8.6 g.m-2.d-1), grain yield (3738.3 kg.ha-1), and leaf chlorophyll index (20.83) values were observed from the combined treatment of non-inoculation and non-application of fertilizer. The highest values of leaf area index (5.46), total dry matter accumulation (784.5 g.m-2), crop growth rate (21 g.m-2.d-1), grain yield (7602.8 kg.ha-1), and leaf chlorophyll index (38.16) were recorded from the combined treatment of inoculation by Biosoy and 33% of chemical fertilizer. Inoculation treatments significantly showed higher nitrogen content and nitrogen to phosphorus ratio than non-inoculated ones. All-told, soybean inoculation with Biosoy bio-fertilizer containing Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria not only increases soybean growth, development and yield, but also, reduces chemical fertilizers usage, production costs, and environmental risks.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bio-Fertilizer
  • Chemical Fertilizers
  • Growth Indices
  • Soybean
  • Yield
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