نقش قارچ Rhizophagus irregularis در تعدیل جذب سرب توسط آفتابگردان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

2 شیمی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

3 بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

آلودگی خاک با فلزات سنگین از جمله سرب یکی از مشکلات زیست محیطی عمده در جوامع بشری است که علاوه بر کاهش عملکرد و کیفیت محصول، پایداری تولیدات کشاورزی را دچار مخاطره نموده و سلامتی موجودات زنده را به خطر می­اندازد. در برخی موارد مشاهده شده که قارچ میکوریز با غیرمتحرک کردن فلزات سمی در خاک و اندام‌های خود، مانع از ورود آن­ها به ریشه شده و یا این که با غیرمتحرک کردن آن‌ها در داخل ریشه، مانع از حرکت آن­ها به بخش هوایی می­شود. بذور آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) در گلدان­های پلاستیکی با خاک استریل کشت شده و با قارچRhizophagus irregularis  تلقیح گردیدند. سه سطح سرب شامل صفر، 500 و 1000 میلی­گرم سرب بر کیلوگرم (به ترتیب Pb0، Pb1 و Pb2) از منبع نیترات سرب به خاک اضافه شد. نتایج نشان داد که در سطوح زیاد سرب، وزن خشک و ارتفاع گیاهان میکوریزی به طور معنی­داری در مقایسه با گیاهان غیرمیکوریزی بیش­تر بود. غلظت سرب بخش هوایی و فاکتور انتقال سرب در گیاهان میکوریزی به طور معنی­داری نسبت به گیاهان غیرمیکوریزی کم­تر بود. غلظت سرب ریشه در سطوح Pb1 و Pb2 در تیمارهای میکوریزی به ترتیب 749/0 و 445/1 و در تیمارهای غیرمیکوریزی به ترتیب 492/0 و 138/1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم ماده خشک گیاهی بود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Rhizophagus irregularis to Alleviate Pb Absorption by Sunflower

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Hossein Daneshfar 1
  • Naser AliAsgharzad 1
  • Shahien Ostan 2
  • Bahman Khoshroo 3
چکیده [English]

Soil pollution with heavy metals (HM) such as Pb in human societies is one of the major environmental problems that in addition to reducing the yield and product quality, threatens to endanger sustainable agricultural production and the health of organisms. In some cases it has been observed that fungus with stabilize the toxic metals in soil and prevent from entering the root or the stabilize them in the root, prevented them from moving to the shoot. In this study, seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Farrokh Hybrid) were grown in pots containing sterilized soil and inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis. Three levels of  Pb including 0, 500 and 1000 mg Pb per kg soil (Pb0, Pb1 and Pb2, respectively) as lead nitrate were added to the soil. The results showed that in high levels of Pb, dry weights as well as height of plants inoculated with R. irregularis increased significantly compared to the non-mycorrhizal plants. The Pb translocation factor and shoot Pb concentration of mycorrhizal plants were significantly lower than non-mycorrhizal ones. Pb root concentrations in Pb1 and Pb2 at mycorrhizal treatments was 0.749 and 1.445 respectively and in the non-mycorrhizal treatments was 0.492 and 1.138 milligrams per gram of dry matter, respectively.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Immobilization
  • Mycorrhizal Fungi
  • Lead
  • Rhizophagus irregularis
  • Sunflower
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