معرفی زمان کاشت پاییزه ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به سرمای کلزا (.Brassica napus L) برای اقلیم آذربایجان شرقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

2 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

        پژوهش با هدف تعیین زمان کاشت پاییزه مناسب کلزا در اقلیم آذربایجان شرقی (سرد و نیمه خشک با زمستان­های یخ­بندان در سیستم پهنه­بندی کوپن)، ارزیابی اثرات دیر کاشت برسرما­زدگی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه و روغن  و معرفی ژنوتیپ­های متحمل به سرما و پرمحصول کلزا در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی طی دوسال زراعی 94-1393 و 95-1394اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار پیاده شد. عوامل مورد آزمون شامل زمان کاشت به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی با سه سطح 20 و30 شهریور و 9 مهر ماه و فاکتور فرعی 14 ژنوتیپ پاییزه کلزابودند.  بیشترین عملکرد دانه و روغن از کشت­های20 شهریور ماه به­دست آمد و با تاخیر در زمان کاشت درصد سرمازدگی مزرعه افزایش یافته وعملکرد دانه و روغن و اجزای آن به‌طور معنی­داری کاهش‌یافت. همبستگی بین عملکرد دانه و روغنبا درصد سرمازدگی منفی و معنی­دار و با تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین و وزن هزار دانه مثبت و معنی­دار بود.این امرنشان دهنده اثر کاهشی کشت­های تاخیری روی عملکرد با از بین بردن بوته­ها از یک سو و کاهش اجزای عملکرد دانه از سوی دیگر است.در نهایت ژنوتیپ‌های L155، HL2012، Wpn-6، L72، SW102 و HL3721 عملکرد دانه و روغن بالاتری نشان داده و برای کشت درآذربایجان شرقی و مناطقی با شرایط اقلیمی مشابه قابل توصیه دیده شدند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Introducing Fall Planting Date of Cold Tolerant Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Genotypes for East Azarbaijan Climate

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahman Pasban Eslam 1
  • Bahram Alizadeh 2
چکیده [English]

The present research was done in order to determine the suitable fall planting date of oilseed rape in the East Azarbaijan climate (cold and semi-arid with freezing winters in Copen climate classification system),to evaluate of late planting effects on cold damage, seed and oil yields, yield components and to introduce cold tolerant genotypes. The experiment was conducted as split plotbased on RCBD design with two factorsincluding sowing date with 3 levels (11 and 21 September and 1 October) and 14 fall oilseed rape genotype in three replications. The study was carried out in East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural ResourcesResearch and Education Center during two years (2014-15 and 2015-16). The results indicated that plants in the 11 September planting date had significantly higher values of  pods per plant, seeds in  the pod, 1000 seeds weight, seed and oil yields. Late sowing datesdecreased seed and oil yields by decreasing yield components and increasing cold damage in oilseed rape genotypes.Therefore, 11 September could be a suitable dateforthe cultivation fall genotypes of oilseed rape in East Azarbaijan and areas with similar climate.Correlations among the seed and oil yields with cold damage percent and yield components were significantly negative and positive respectively. It seems that yield decrease in late planting dates can occur via omiting plants from farm and decreasing yield components. L55, HL2012, Wpn-6, L72, SW102, HL3721genotypes indicated higher seed and oil yields in fall cultivations and are suitable for cultivation in East Azarbaijan.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canola
  • Cold Stress
  • Oil Percent
  • Planting Date
  • Seed Yield

مراجع

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 28، شماره 3
مهر 1397
صفحه 19-28

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