عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف نیتروژن کلزا (Brassica napus L.) تحت تاثیر نیتروژن و رژیم‌های آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تاکستان، گروه زراعت، تاکستان، ایران

2 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق طی دو سال 1392 و1394 با هدف بررسی اثر سطوح نیتروژن بر عملکرد کمی و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن کلزا در رژیم­های مختلف آبیاری در قزوین به اجرا درآمد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل آبیاری در سه سطح، آبیاری نرمال، قطع آبیاری در مرحله ساقه رفتن و قطع آبباری در مرحله گلدهی و مقدار نیتروژن در پنج سطح شامل صفر ، 40، 80، 120 و 160 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار در بلوک­های آزمایشی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه مرکب نشان داد که اثر سطوح آبیاری، نیتروژن و اثر متقابل آنها بر عملکرد دانه معنی­دار بودند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین­های ترکیبات تیماری سطوح آبیاری و نیتروژن بیانگر این بود که بیشترین عملکرد دانه در رژیم آبیاری نرمال و کمترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به قطع آبیاری در مرحله گل­دهی بود. تیمارهای 120 و 160 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن خالص در شرایط آبیاری نرمال به ترتیب با میانگین­های 3780 و 4054 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد دانه را داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که در رژیم آبیاری نرمال با افزایش مقدار مصرف نیتروژن تا 160 کیلوگرم در هکتار ، عملکرد دانه افزایش معنی داری داشت. اگرچه در این شرایط افزایش معنی­دار در عملکرد دانه تا سطح 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن قابل مشاهده بود و از نظر آماری اختلاف بین تیمارهای 120 و 160 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن، معنی­دار نبود. در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مراحل گل­دهی و ساقه­دهی، افزایش مصرف نیتروژن تا 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه گردید و بعد از آن مقداری کاهش یافت. به­طور کلی، در صورت عدم وجود آب در مراحل گل­دهی و ساقه­دهی، مصرف 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و در شرایط وجود آب  کافی، مصرف 160 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن قابل توصیه می­باشد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Influenced by Nitrogen Rates and Irrigation Regimes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Yousefi 1
  • Jahanfar Daneshian 2
  • Amir Hossein Shirani Rad 2
  • Seyed Ali Reza Valadabadi 1
  • Saeid Sayfzadeh 1
چکیده [English]

This research was carried out during two years 1394 and 1392 in order to investigate the effect of nitrogen rates on quantitative yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rapeseed in different irrigation regimes in Qazvin. The factorial experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications. The irrigation factor at three levels , normal irrigation, cut off irrigation at stem elongation and cut off irrigation at flowering stage) and nitrogen rates in five levels (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N.ha-1) were considered in experimental blocks. The results of combined analysis showed that the effect of irrigation levels, nitrogen and their interaction were significant on grain yield. The results of the mean comparison indicated that the highest grain yield in normal irrigation regimes and the lowest grain yield related to irrigation cut at flowering stage. Treatments of 120 and 160 kg.ha-1 pure nitrogen in normal irrigation conditions had the highest seed yield (3780 and 4054 kg.ha-1), respectively. The results showed that increasing nitrogen up to 160 kg N. ha-1 caused to increase grain yield significantly under normal irrigation regime. However, in these conditions, a significant increase in grain yield was observed up to 120 kg N. ha-1, and there was no statistically significant difference between treatments of 120 and 160 N. ha-1. In terms of irrigation interruption in flowering and stemming stages, increase in nitrogen consumption up to 120 N. ha-1increased grain yield and then decreased somewhat. In general, in the absence of water during flowering and stemming, consumption of 120 160 N. ha-1 and in the presence of sufficient water, consumption of 160 N. ha-1 is recommended.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain Yield
  • Irrigation Regime
  • Nitrogen
  • Nitrogen Use Efficiency
  • Rapeseed
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