ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و کیفی نعناع فلفلی تحت تأثیر اسیدهای آمینه، کودهای شیمیایی و آلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 آگرواکولوژی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

4 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

چکیده

        نعناع فلفلی از گیاهان دارویی متعلق به تیره نعناعیان می‌باشد که در صنایع مختلف داروسازی، آرایشی – بهداشتی و غذایی کاربرد دارد. پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد اسیدهای آمینه تحت مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی نعناع فلفلی انجام شد. آزمایش به­‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل فاکتور اول، شاهد، کود شیمیایی، ورمی‌کمپوست و کود دامی و فاکتور دوم، محلول‌پاشی با آمینوسورن (به‌عنوان منبع اسیدهای آمینه) در یک مرحله (قبل از گلدهی) و در دو مرحله (قبل و شروع گلدهی) و عدم محلول‌پاشی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، تعداد سرشاخه‌های گلدار، تعداد ساقه‌های فرعی و تعداد برگ در تیمار کاربرد محلول­پاشی اسید آمینه در دو مرحله حاصل شد. بیشترین عمکرد ماده خشک در هر دو برداشت با کاربرد کود شیمیایی بدون تفاوت معنی‌دار با ورمی کمپوست به‌دست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد اسانس برداشت اول با کاربرد هرسه نوع کود (شیمیایی، ورمی‌کمپوست و دامی) و بیشترین عملکرد ماده خشک برداشت دوم با کاربرد کود شیمیایی و ورمی­کمپوست حاصل شد. بیشترین درصد اسانس برداشت اول در تیمارهای کاربرد کود دامی+ محلول‌پاشی در دو مرحله (91/2 درصد) و کاربرد ورمی­کمپوست + محلول‌پاشی در دو مرحله (77/2 درصد) به­دست آمد. بطورکلی نتایج آزمایش حاکی از آن است که کاربرد کودهای آلی مورد استفاده مخصوصاً ورمی کمپوست همانند کودهای شیمیایی در افزایش صفات مورفولوژیکی و عملکردی نعناع فلفلی مؤثر می‌باشند. بنابراین با توجه به اثرات نامطلوب استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی بر محیط زیست، استفاده از کودهای آلی مانند ورمی کمپوست و اسیدهای آمینه در سیستم های کشاورزی پایدار توصیه می‌شود.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Yiled of Peppermint under Amino Acids, Chemical and Organic Fertilizers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Asadi 1
  • Yousef Nasiri 2
  • Sara Molla Abasiyan 3
  • Mohammad Reza Morshedloo 4
چکیده [English]

     Peppermint is a medicinal plant belong to the Lamiaceae familly which is used in various pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This research was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications to evalueate the effect of amino acid application on quantitative and qualitative yield of peppermint under chemichal and organic fertilizers at the research farm of Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran in 2017. Treatments were included: I- control, II- chemichal fertilizer, III- vermicompost, and IV- farmyrad manure as first factor and amino acids application as second factor were included application in one stage (before flowering), application in two stages (before flowering and flowering stage) and control. Results showed that the highest plant height, flowering stems number, auxiliary stems number and leaf number were obtained from amino acids application in two stages. The highest dry matter yield of both harvest were obtained by chemical fertilizer application without significant differences with vermicompost application. The highest essential oil yield at the first harvest were obtained by all of the three fertilizers (chemical, vermicompost and farmyard) application and the highest essential oil yield at second harvest were obtained by chemical and vermicompost application. The highest essential oil percentage at first harvest was obtained by foliar application of amino acids at two stages + farmyard manure application (2.91%) and foliar application in two stages + vermicompost application (2.77%). In general, the results showed that the application of organic manures especially vermicompost, like chemical fertilizer are effective in increasing the morphological traits and yield of peppermint. Therefore, considering the incomptable effects of chemical fertilizers on environment, the use of organic fertilizers such as vermicompost and amino acids in sustainable agriculture sustems is recommended.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aminosuren
  • Essential Oils
  • Farmyard Manure
  • Peppermint
  • Vermicompost
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