ارزیابی عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه توده‌های بومی ماشک معمولی (Vicia sativa)، ماشک گل خوشه‌ای (Vicia villosa) و ماشک خزری (Vicia hyrcanica) در شرایط دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

3 گروه زراعت- اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

چکیده

به ‌منظور بررسی عملکرد کمی و کیفی علوفه 15 توده بومی ماشک، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه در سال 1394 اجرا شد. گونه‌های مورد بررسی شامل ماشک معمولی (توده‌های 2، 7، 10، 15، 16، 23، 29، 30 ،33 و 36)، ماشک گل خوشه‌ای (توده‌های 12، 28 و 35) و ماشک خزری  (توده‌های 22 و24) بودند.­ نتایج نشان داد بیشترین (8/530 گرم در متر مربع) و کمترین (16/91 گرم در متر مربع) عملکرد علوفه­ خشک به­ترتیب در توده‌های 30 و 36 بدست آمد. همچنین بیشترین عملکرد دانه (43/43 گرم درمتر مربع)، به توده 28 متعلق بود. بیشترین مقادیر ماده خشک مصرفی (DMI)، کل ماده مغذی قابل هضم (TDN)، قابلیت هضم علوفه (DDM)، ارزش نسبی تغذیه ای (RFV)، انرژی ویژه شیردهی (NEL) و انرژی متابولیسمی (MED) به توده 28 ماشک گل خوشه‌ای مربوط بود. علاوه بر این کمترین میزان دیواره سلولی (NDF) و دیواره سلولی بدون همی سلولز (ADF) به ترتیب در توده های 28 و 30 مشاهده شد. تجزیه کلاستر صفات کمی و کیفی، توده‌های مورد بررسی را در سه گروه دسته‌بندی نمود، به‌طوری‌که از لحاظ کمی و کیفی به‌ترتیب توده 30 و 28 یک گروه را به خود اختصاص دادند. لذا توده 30 به دلیل عملکرد علوفه بالا و توده 28 ­به دلیل دارا بودن کیفیت علوفه بالا به‌عنوان توده‌های مناسب برای کشت در شرایط دیم توصیه می‌شوند.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Forage Quantity and Quality in Domestic Populations of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa L), Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and Caspian Vetch (Vicia hyrcanica) under Rainfed Condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdollah Javanmard 1
  • Hiwa Nikdel 2
  • Mostafa Amani Machiani 3
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate forage quantity and quality in 15 domestic population of vetch, a field experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh in 2015. The species included domestic populations of Vicia sativa L. (2, 7, 29, 30, 16, 15, 10, 36, 33 and 23), Vicia hyrcanica (24 and 22) and Vicia villosa L. (12, 28 and 35). The results showed that the highest (530.8 g.m-2) and lowest (91.16 g.m-2) dry forage yield were obtained in the 30 and 36, respectively. Also, the highest seed yield (43.43 g.m-2) was related to population 28. In addition, the highest total digestible nutrients (TDN), dry matter intake (DMI), digestible dry matter (DDM), relative feed value (RFV), net energy of lactation (NEL) and metabolisable energy (MED) was achieved in 28 (Vicia villosa L.) population. In addition to, the lowest content of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was obtained in the 28 and 30, respectively. The cluster analysis categorized the quantitative and qualitative traits of the populations into three groups. So that, in terms of the quantitative and qualitative, the 30 and 28 populations were assigned to one group, respectively. Generally, based on quantitative and qualitative traits, the 28 (Vicia villosa L.) and 30 (Vicia sativa L.) were recommended as suitable species for cultivation in rainfed conditions.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dry Matter Intake (DMI)
  • Grain Yield
  • Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF)
  • Net Energy Of Lactation (NEL)
  • Relative Feed Value (RFV)
Aasim M, Sahin-Dermirbag N, Khawar KM, Kendir H and Ozcan S. 2011. Direct axillary shoot regeneration   from the mature seed explant of the hairy vetch. Archive Biotechnology Science Belgrade, 63(3): 757-762.
Abdullah Y, Muwalla MM, Qudsieh RI and Titi HH. 2010. Effect of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) seeds as a replacement protein source of soybean meal on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing Awassi lambs. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 42: 293–300.
Aldoss AA, Assaeed AM and Soliman AS. 1996. Growth characters and yield of some selected lines of common and narbon vetch. Research Bulletin of the Agricultural Research Center, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, pp. 5–17.  
Ali A, Ahmad S, Khan BR and Keating JD. 1995. Selection of vetches for sustainable forage production in cold and dry highlands of Balochistan.Regional workshop on sustainable agriculture in dry and cold mountain areas. Islamabad, Pakistan.     
Alizadeh Dizaj K, Fakhrevaezi A, Lameie J, Bahrami S, Neyestani E, Shaabani A, Mahmoodi H, Asghari Meidani J, Mostafaee H, and Dorri MA. 2013. Golsefid, A new winter type forage cultivar for cold and moderate cold drylands of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 29(3): 617-619.
Alizadeh Dizaj K, Lameie J, Bahrami S, Neyestani E, Shaabani A, Shahbazi S, and Ebn-Abbasi R. 2016. New forage cultivar from vicia panonica entitle lamei suitable for autumn planting in cold temperate dry lands of Iran. Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops, 5(1): 61-69.
Asghari Meidany J and Karimi E. 2013. Sowing Depth effects on vetch yield in Maragheh dry lands. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 11(3): 430-436
Assefa G and Ledin I. 2004. Effect of variety, soil type and fertilizer on the establishment, growth, forage yield, quality and voluntary intake by cattle of oatsand vetches cultivated in pure stand and mixtures. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 92: 95-111.
Bahrami S, Weisany W and Afshari A. 2014. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of forage legumes rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions. Research in Crop Ecosystems, 1(3): 71-82.
Berhane G and Eik LO. 2006. Effect of vetch (Vicia sativa) hay supplementation to Begait and Abergelle goats in northern Ethiopia. I. Milk yield and composition. Small Ruminant Research, 64: 241–246.
Bingol N T, Karsli MA, Yilmaz IH and Bolat D. 2007.The effects of planting time and combination on the nutrient composition and digestible dry matter yield of four mixtures of vetch varieties intercropped with barely. Veterinary Sciences Journals, 31:297-302.
Bilal M, Ayub M, Tariq M, Tahir M and Nadeem MA. 2017. Dry matter yield and forage quality traits of oat (Avena sativa L.) under integrative use of microbial and synthetic source of nitrogen. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 16: 236–241.
Buyukburc, U, and Iptas S. 2001. The yield and yield components of some Narbonne vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) line in Tokat ecological conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 25: 79-88.
Fakhrevaezi A, Hassanpour-Hossni A, Ahakpaz F and Asghari Meidani J. 2010. Maragheh, a new dryland forage vetch cultivar for cold and moderate cold areas of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 26(4): 565-567.
Firincioglu HK, Unal S, Erbektas E and Dogruyol L. 2010. Relationships between seed yield and yield components in common vetch (Vicia sativa ssp sativa). Field Crops Research, 116(1-2): 30-37.       
Hasanvand M, Jafari AA, Sepahvand A and Nakhjavan SH. 2010. Study for yield and quality traits in 6 domestic populations of common vetch (Vicia sativa) grown under optimum and dry land farming system in Lorestan, Iran. Iranian Journal of Rangeland and Desert Research, 16(4): 517-535.
Horrocks RD and Vallentine JF. 1999. Harvested forage. Academic Press, London, UK.
Jahanzad E, Jorat M, Moghadam H, Sadeghpour A, Chaichi MR and Dashtaki M. 2013. Response of a new and a commonly grown forage sorghum cultivar to limited irrigation and planting density. Agricultural Water Management, 117: 62–69.
Javanmard A, Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A, Javanshir A, Moghaddam M and Janmohammadi H. 2009. Forage yield and quality in intercropping of maize with different legumes as double-cropped. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7: 163–166.
Lithourgidis AS, Vasilakoglou IB, Dhima KV, Dordas CA and Yiakoulaki MD. 2006. Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops Research, 99: 106–113.
Lopez S, Davies DR, Giraldez FJ, Dhanoa MS, Dijkstra J and France J. 2005. Assessment of nutritive value of cereal and legume straws based on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 85: 1550–1557.
Maxted N. 1995. An ecogeographical study of vicia subgenus systematic and ecogeographic studies on crop genepools. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
Mohammad Abadi AA, Rezvani Moghaddam P, Fallahi J and Bromand Rezazadeh Z. 2012. Effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) forage. Agroecology, 3(4): 491-499.
Nakhzari-Moghadam A, Chaichi MR, Mazaheri D, Rahimian Mashhadi H, Majnoon Hoseini N and Noorinia AA. 2009. The effects of corn and green gram intercropping on yield, LER and some quality characteristics of forage. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Reaserch, 40(4): 151-159.
Orak A and Ilker N. 2004. Agronomic and morphological characters of some common Vetch (Vicia sativa L) genotypes under Trakya region condition. Journal of Agronomy, 3(2):72-75.
Sadeghi GH, Mohammadi L, Ibrahim SA and Gruber K.J. 2009. Use of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) as feed ingredient for poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal, 65: 51–63.
Tariq M, Ahmad S and Kamal K. 1995. Performance of new cultivars of maize under rainfed conditions. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 11(6): 707 -710.
Tosti G, Benincasa P, Farneselli M, Tei F and Guiducci M. 2014. Barley–hairy vetch mixture as cover crop for green manuring and the mitigation of N leaching risk. European Journal of Agronomy, 54: 34-39.
Yasar K. 2004. Forage yields, seed yields and botanical compositions of some legume barely mixtures under rain fed condition in semi-arid regions of Turkey. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 3(3): 295-299.
Yilmaz Ş, Özel A, Atak M and Erayman M. 2015. Effects of seeding rates on competition indices of barley and vetch intercropping systems in the eastern mediterranean. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 39: 135–143.
Zeiditoolabi N, Direkvandy S, Rahmati T, Vlizadeh S and Dolatshah A. 2015. Comparison of quantitative and qualitative traits of different forage vetch species under rain-fed and supplemental irrigation conditions. Journal of Agronomy Sciences, 5(10):13-26.