عملکرد و اسیدهای چرب بالنگوی شهری (Lallemantia iberica Fischer & C.A. Meyer) در کشت مخلوط با خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L.) تحت تاثیر مالچ و کود زیستی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

     رویکرد جهانی در تولید گیاهان دارویی به سمت استفاده از نظام­های کشاورزی پایدار و روش­های مدیریتی نظیر کشت مخلوط، کاربرد کودهای زیستی و مالچ به منظور ارتقاء عملکرد می­باشد. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه تبریز در دو سال زراعی 1394 و 1395 اجرا شد. عامل اول شامل الگوی کشت در پنج سطح  کشت خالص خرفه، کشت خالص بالنگوی شهری، کشت مخلوط افزایشی خرفه و بالنگوی شهری با نسبت­های 100:20، 100:40 و 100:60 بالنگو به خرفه، عامل دوم شامل مالچ کلش گندم در دو سطح با و بدون مالچ و عامل سوم شامل مصرف کود در دو سطح 100 درصد کود شیمیایی و مصرف تلفیقی کود زیستی ازتوبارور1+ 50 درصد کود شیمیایی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین درصد روغن و اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع دانه در سیستم کشت مخلوط افزایشی 20 درصد بالنگوی شهری + 100 درصد خرفه مشاهده شد در حالی­که بیشترین میزان اسید پالمیتیک در کشت خالص بالنگو مشاهده شد. کاربرد مالچ بیشترین مقادیر عملکرد دانه و صفات رشدی را به خود اختصاص داد. همچنین در صورت جایگزینی کودهای زیستی با شیمیایی صفات کیفی و کمی بالنگوی شهری تحت تاثیر قرار نگرفت، به عبارت دیگر می­توان از مصرف تلفیقی کود زیستی + 50 درصد کود شیمیایی استفاده نمود. بیشترین میزان نسبت برابری زمین و ضریب ازدحام نسبی در سیستم کشت مخلوط افزایشی 40 درصد بالنگوی شهری + 100 درصد خرفه تحت تیمار مصرف تلفیقی کود زیستی بعلاوه 50 درصد کود شیمیایی به همراه مصرف مالچ کلش گندم در سال دوم آزمایش حاصل شد. به نظر می­رسد سیستم­ کشت مخلوط (100:40) و کاربرد کودهای زیستی و مالچ را می­توان بعنوان یک روش زراعی مناسب برای کاهش مصرف نهاده­های شیمیایی و افزایش عملکرد برای بالنگوی شهری پیشنهاد نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Yield and Fatty Acid Composition of Dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica Fischer & C.A. Meyer) Intercropped with Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) Under Mulching and Biofertilizers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asal Rohi Saralan
  • Jalil Shafagh- Kolvanagh
  • Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab
  • Mahmoodreza Saeidi
چکیده [English]

     In the production of medicinal plants, it is a global approach toward sustainable agricultural systems and use of agricultural practices such as intercropping, application of biofertilizer and mulch to enhance the quantitative and qualitative performance of medicinal plants. Thus, two experiments were conducted with factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Research Farm of University of Tabriz in 2015 and 2016. The first factor was included sole cropping of purslane, sole cropping  of dragon’s head, additive intercropping of dragon’s head + purslane (20, 40, 60 +100 %), and the mulch application as second factor including wheat straw mulch and no mulch; two types of fertilization including application of 100% chemical fertilizer and 50% chemical + biological fertilizers as third factor. Results revealed that the highest values of oil content and unsaturated fatty acids were observed in D20 + P100 intercropped plants, while the highly saturated fatty acid of palmitic content was observed in sole cropped. Mulch application had the highest yield and growth traits. Also, quantity and quality of dragon’s head was not significantly affected by replacing biofertilizers with chemical fertilizer. In other words, it can be used 50% chemical + biological fertilizers. The highest land equivalent ratio and relative crowding coefficient were obtained from dragon’s head with purslane intercropping (D40 + P100), wheat straw mulch application, and combinative application of chemical and biological fertilizers in second year. It seems that intercropping system (D40 + P100) and application of biofertilizers and mulch can be suggested as an appropriate agricultural method to reduce the consumption of chemical inputs and increase yield of dragon’s head.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizer
  • Fatty Acid Composition
  • Intercropping
  • Mulching
  • Relative Crowding Coefficient
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