اثر مدیریت‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی و گیاه پوششی لگوم بر عملکرد کدو تخمه کاغذی (Cucurbita pepo L.) در کشت مخلوط افزایشی با لوبیا سبز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر سیستم­های مختلف خاک­ورزی، گیاه پوششی خلر و کشت مخلوط بر عملکرد کدو تخمه کاغذی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان اجرا گردید. فاکتور خاک­ورزی در سه سطح بدون خاک­ورزی (NT)، خاک­ورزی کمینه (MT­) و خاک­ورزی مرسوم (CT) و فاکتور گیاه پوششی در دو سطح شامل گیاه پوششی خلر (C1) و بدون گیاه پوششی (C2) در کرت­های اصلی و سیستم کشت در سه سطح شامل کشت مخلوط افزایشی 50% لوبیا+ کدو (I1)، کشت خالص لوبیا (I2) و کشت خالص کدو (I3) در کرت­های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در میوه، قطر میوه، وزن میوه، عملکر میوه، وزن هزار دانه برای کدو و عملکرد لوبیا سبز تحت تأثیر شیوه­های مدیریتی قرار گرفتند. بیشترین مقدار این صفات در خاک­ورزی­های حفاظتی (خاک­ورزی حداقل و بی خاک­ورزی)  همراه با گیاه پوششی و در کشت خالص هر گونه مشاهده شد. مثلا عملکرد دانه کدو با60/127 گرم بر متر مربع در کشت خالص کدو به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از  تیمار 50% لوبیا + کدو با عملکرد 40/121 گرم بر متر مربع بود. تیمار خاک­ورزی کمینه و گیاه پوششی خلر بیشترین عملکرد دانه کدو (3/138 گرم بر متر مربع) را نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری با تیمار بدون خاک­ورزی و گیاه پوششی خلر نداشت. کمترین عملکرد دانه کدو نیز در تیمار خاک ورزی مرسوم و بدون گیاه پوششی با 2/110 گرم بر متر مربع حاصل شد. در نهایت، با توجه به شاخص نسبت برابری زمین (51/1)، کشت مخلوط افزایشی لوبیا با کدو در تمیار خاک­ورزی حفاظتی با گیاه پوششی خلر بهترین مدیریت برای منطقه در جهت بهبود علمکرد محصول انتخاب شد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Managements of Tillage and Legume Cover Crop on Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Yield in Additive Intercropping with Green Bean

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmaeil Esfandiary Ekhlas 1
  • Javad Hamzei 2
  • Mohsen Nael 1
چکیده [English]

The effects of different tillage practices, cover crop and intercropping on yield and yield components of pumpkin by factorial split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three eplications was studied at the Experimental Field of Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan. Treatments comprised three levels of tillage practices including NT: no tillage, MT: minimum tillage (chisel plow + disk), and CT: Conventional tillage (moldboard plow + disk); and two levels of cover cropping including C1: Lathyrus sativus as a cover crop and C2: no cover crop and three levels of cultivation systems as I1: additive intercropping of 50% green bean+pumpkin, I2: pure green bean, and I3: pure pumpkin. The results showed that seed yield, number of seeds per fruit, fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit yield, seed weight of pumpkin as well as green bean yield were affected by management practices. The highest amounts of these traits were revealed at pure standing of each crop under conservation tillage with using legume cover crop. For example, pumpkin seed yield (121.40 g.m-2) in pumpkin sole crop treatment was significantly more than the treatment of 50% green bean+pumpkin (127.60 g.m-2). Minimum tillage and chickling pea cover crop treatment showed the highest amount of pumpkin seed yield (138.3 g.m-2), but, minimum tillage and chickling pea cover crop treatment had no significant difference with no tillage and chickling pea cover crop treatment for this triat. The lowest pumpkin seed yield (110.2 g.m-2) was achieved at conventional tillage and no chickling pea cover crop treatment. In general, according to the LER index, the best management was the additive intercropping of green bean with pumpkin under using conservation tillage and legume cover crop.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • The effects of different tillage practices
  • cover crop and intercropping on yield and yield components of pumpkin by factorial split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three eplications was studied at the Experimental Fiel؛ and two levels of cover cropping includin
  • I2: pure green bean
  • and I3: pure pumpkin. The resu
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