پاسخ فیزیولوژیک و زراعی ژنوتیپ‎های کلزا (Brassica napus L.) به تنش خشکی انتهای فصل در شرایط اقلیمی کرج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

         به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی انتهای فصل بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کلزا یک آزمایش مزرعه‎ای دوساله (1394-1396) در موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج انجام شد. آزمایش به‎صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل رژیم آبیاری (آبیاری کامل در طول فصل رشد و قطع آبیاری از مرحله خورجین‎دهی تا انتهای فصل رشد) و 17 ژنوتیپ جدید کلزا بودند. برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک مرتبط با تنش خشکی از قبیل محتوای نسبی آب برگ، کلروفیل کل و میزان پرولین، همچنین عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه کلزا اندازه‎گیری شدند. نتایج نشان دادند مقدار کلروفیل کل در شرایط قطع آبیاری نسبت به آبیاری نرمال 65/21 درصد کاهش داشت و مقدار پرولین برگ 04/28 درصد افزایش یافت. بر اساس یافته‎های این تحقیق، ارقام برتر لزوماً از لحاظ مقدار پرولین برتر نبودند. بر اساس میانگین دو ساله بیشترین عملکرد دانه در بین ژنوتیپ‎های مختلف کلزا در شرایط آبیاری نرمال متعلق به ژنوتیپ Artist (25/5043 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و در شرایط قطع آبیاری متعلق به ژنوتیپ‎های L72 و HL3721 (به ترتیب 25/3915 و 45/3892 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. شایان ذکر است این برتری عمدتا در اثر افزایش ظرفیت مخزن ( تعداد خورجین در بوته، طول خورجین و تعداد دانه در خورجین) و برتری مقدار کلروفیل و محتوای نسبی آب برگ بود. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Physiological and Agronomic Response of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Genotypes To Late-Season Drought Stress under Karaj Climatic Condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Eyni Nargeseh 1
  • Majid Aghalikhani 1
  • Amir Hosein Shirani Rad 2
  • Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli 1
  • seyed Ali Mohammad Modares sanavy 1
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of late-season drought stress on some physiological traits, yield and yield attributes, a two-year field trial was carried out at the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran, on 2015-2017 growing seasons. Factorial arrangement of the treatments was set up as randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors consisted of irrigation regimes (normal irrigation and withholding irrigation from silique setting stage until the end of the growing season) and 17 new winter genotypes of rapeseed. Several physiological traits included relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll, proline as well as grain yield and yield attributes as dependent variables were measured. Results showed that amount of total chlorophyll under withholding irrigation was reduced (21.65 percentage) reduced compared to the normal irrigation, while leaf proline content was increased by 28.04 %. According to the findings of this study, superior genotypes were not necessarily top in terms of proline. Averaged over both years, Artist genotype produced highest grain yield (5043.25 kg.ha-1) under normal irrigation condition, while L72 and HL3721 had highest grain yield (3915.25 and 3892.45 kg.ha-1, respectively) under withholding condition. It is worth noting that this advantage was mainly revealed to increased source capacity (number of silique plant-1, silique length and number of seed silique-1) as well as the superiority of chlorophyll content and relative water content of the leaf.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genetic Diversity
  • Grain Yield
  • Osmotic Adjustment
  • Photosynthesis
  • Remobilization
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