بررسی هیبریدهای مختلف ذرت (Zea mays L.) تحت شرایط آب و هوایی مغان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل )مغان(، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مغان، ایران.

3 دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

4 دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل.

چکیده

به­ منظور بررسی پاسخ عملکرد دانه، ارتفاع بوته و صفات فنولوژیکی ذرت (Zea mays L.) به تاریخ­های کاشت مختلف، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 93-1392 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی مغان انجام گرفت. عامل اول دو سطح مختلف تاریخ کاشت (دهم اردیبهشت و پنجم تیر) و عامل دوم پنج هیبرید ذرت شامل سینگل کراس 704 و سینگل کراس 720 از گروه دیررس،  سینگل کراس 600 و سینگل کراس 647 از گروه متوسط­رس و سینگل کراس 301 از گروه زودرس بودند. نتایج تجزیه آماری نشان داد که تفاوت معنی­داری بین سال‌ها، تاریخ­های مختلف کشت و هیبریدها وجود داشت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه و ارتفاع بوته مربوط به سینگل کراس 704 و 720 بودند. تاریخ کشت دهم اردیبهشت موجب تولید بیشتر عملکرد دانه و ارتفاع بوته نسبت به تاریخ کشت پنجم تیرماه گردید. از لحاظ صفات تعداد روز تا کاکل دهی و درجه روز رشد سینگل کراس 704 و سینگل کراس 301 به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین میانگین را در بین هیبریدهای مورد مطالعه در تاریخ کاشت­های مختلف طی دو سال زراعی 1392 و 93 در منطقه مغان به خود اختصاص دادند. بیشترین میانگین روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک مربوط به تاریخ کاشت دهم اردیبهشت ماه بود. تجزیه رگرسیون چندگانه به روش گام به گام نشان داد که به ترتیب درجه روز رشد و روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک با عملکرد دانه هیبریدهای ذرت مورد مطالعه در دو تاریخ کاشت مختلف (دهم اردیبهشت و پنجم تیر) طی دو سال زراعی در منطقه مغان ارتباط مثبت معنی­دار در سطح احتمال یک درصد داشت. براساس نتایج حاصل می­توان از صفات فنولوژیک به همراه عملکرد دانه بهترین هیبریدهای ذرت را برای تاریخ­های کشت مختلف انتخاب کرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Different Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids under Moghan Climate

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Shiri 1
  • Sajjad Moharramnejad 2
  • Javid Em 3
  • Mohammad Reza Zadehesfahlan 4
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the response of grain yield, plant height and phenological traits of maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) to planting date, a factorial experiment was carried out based on complete randomized block design with four replications during two growing seasons (2013-2014) at Moghan Research Station. Treatments consisted of two planting dates (May 1 and June 25) and five maize hybrids (namely SC704 and SC720 from a late maturing group, TWC600 and SC647 from mid maturing group and SC301 from early maturing group). The results of statistical analysis showed a significant difference between years, planting dates and hybrids. The highest grain yield and plant height were related to SC704 and SC720. The results showed that the planting date on May 1 increased plant production compared to June 25. The highest average of days to physiological maturity related to planting date was May 1. SC704 and SC301 had the highest and lowest average of days to flowering and days to pollination in two different planting dates during two growing seasons (2013-2014) in Moghan region, respectively. Multiple regression analysis by stepwise method showed that in regards to days to pollination and days to physiological maturity with grain yield of maize hybrids there was a significant positive association (P<0.01) in two different planting dates (May 1 and June 25) during two growing seasons (2013-2014) in Moghan region. In conclusion, The phenological traits with grain yield can be used to select the best maize hybrids for different planting dates.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Maize
  • Phenological Traits
  • Planting Date
  • Plant Height
  • Regression

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 29، شماره 3
مهر 1398
صفحه 59-71

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