پیامد کاربرد دیازینون بر فراوانی و تنوع برخی ریزجانداران خاک در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاوزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

2 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)، تهران

چکیده

       استفاده‌ی گسترده از آفت‌کش‌های فسفره‌ی آلی به ویژه دیازینون علیه آفات گیاهی سبب آلودگی پهنه وسیعی از بوم سازه‌های خشکی و آبی خاک شده است. بنابراین در یک بررسی پیامد این آفت کش ارگانوفسفره بر برخی ریزجانداران مفید خاک بررسی شد. دریک پژوهش آزمایشگاهی آفت کش دیازینون در غلظت‌های 0، 4، 12، 50 mg.kg-1 به خاک افزوده و گرماگذاری شد. در زمان‌های گوناگون از خاک نمونه برداری شد و پس از رقیق سازی در محیط کشت‌های قارچ‌ها، اکتینومیست‌ها، پسودوموناس‌ها، باکتری‌های روده‌ای و ازتوباکترها در سه تکرار کشت شدند. تجزیه آماری به شیوه تحلیل واریانس با اندازه گیری‌های تکراری بررسی شد. شاخص‌های تنوع گروه‌های ریزجانداران کشت پذیر در خاک تیمار شده با غلظت‌های گوناگون دیازینون نیز بررسی شد. در سنجش با شاهد آزمایش، در کاربرد mg.kg-1 4 دیازینون در خاک فراوانی اکتینومیست‌ها و ازتوباکترها کاهش و فراوانی سودوموناس‌ها به اندازه چشم گیری افزایش یافتند و فراوانی قارچها و باکتری‌های روده‌ای ناهمانندی چشم گیری نداشتند. غلظت  mg.kg-112 و 50 دیازینون فراوانی همه ریزجانداران بررسی شده را کاهش داد. غنای گونه‌ای خاک در تیمار mg.kg-1 4 دیازینون بیش از شاهد آزمایش و در دیگر غلظت‌ها کاهش چشم‌گیری داشت. تنوع زیستی و یکنواختی گونه‌ای در همه‌ی غلظت‌های دیازینون در برابر شاهد آزمایش کاهش یافت، ولی شناسه چیرگی در سنجش با شاهد آزمایش افزایش داشت. بنابراین اغلب ریزجانداران بررسی شده خاک با این غلظت از آفت کش ناسازگار بودند و این موضوع می‌تواند سلامت و حاصلخیزی خاک را کاهش دهد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of diazinon Application on Soil Microorganisms Frequency and Biodiversity in the laboratory condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Amani 1
  • Ali Akbar Safari Sinegani 1
  • Firouz Ebrahimi 2
  • Shahram Nazarian 2
چکیده [English]

Application of organophosphate pesticides especially diazinon is a common phenomenon that cause pollution wide area of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, an investigation of the effect of this organophosphorus pesticide on some beneficial soil microorganisms was investigated. In a laboratory research, diazinon in the concentration of 0, 4, 12, 50 mg.kg-1 was added to the soil and incubated. Then the soil sampled in different time of incubation, after preparing proper dilution, fungi, actinomycete, pseudomonas, intestinal bacteria and azotobacter cultivated in the specific medium in three replicates. The analysis was considered as completely randomized design (repeated measurement test). The effect of diazinon on biodiversity index of the cultivable microorganisms also evaluated.  In comparison to the control, after application of 4 mg.kg-1 diazinon in the soil the frequency logarithm of actinomycete and azotobacter decreased and pseudomonas increased. The frequency logarithm of intestinal bacteria and fungi were similar to untreated soil. In concentration of 12 and 50 mg.kg-1 the frequency logarithm of all the studied microorganisms reduced. Soil richness in the treatment of 4 mgkg-1 diazinon was more than control and significantly decreased in other concentrations. Biological diversity and evenness decreased in all concentrations of applied diazinon but dominance index increased in comparison with the control. Therefore, most studied soil microorganisms were incompatible with these concentrations of pesticide and this could reduce soil health and fertility.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Actinomycete
  • Biodiversity
  • Fungi
  • Organophosphorus Insecticide
  • Polluted Soil
  • Richness
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