اثر کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر صفات رشدی و اجزای عملکرد دانه ماش (.Vigna radiata L) تحت تنش سمیت مس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مس و کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد دانه ماش (.Vigna radiata L) آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اول غلظت مس در چهار سطح شامل صفر، 50 ، 100 و 200 میلی‎گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک و فاکتور دوم کاربرد کود­­­­­­ شیمیایی و کودهای زیستی شامل باکتری ریزوبیوم Sinorhizobium meliloti و قارچ شبه­میکوریز Piriformospora indica، به صورت منفرد و تلفیق آنها باهم و همچنین شاهد بدون کود بودند. نتایج نشان­داد که صفات مورفولوژیک شامل ارتفاع­ بوته، تعداد و سطح برگ تحت تاثیر غلظت بالای مس در خاک کاهش یافتند و با کاربرد
 P. indica میزان آنها در بیشترین حد بود. بیشترین وزن­خشک اندام­هوایی و ریشه برای سطح mg.kg-150­ مس به دست آمد. کاربرد کود­­­­­­ شیمیایی ، P. indica و S. meliloti باعث افزایش وزن­خشک ریشه نسبت به سایر تیمارهای کودی شدند. بالاترین عملکرد دانه (045/1­گرم) با کاربرد کود­­­­­­ شیمیایی در تیمار عدم آلودگی مس حاصل شد. تیمارهای کودی بر تعداد نیام اثر معنی­داری نداشتند ولی کاربرد تلفیقی قارچ و باکتری باعث افزایش تعداد دانه در نیام شد. کاهش معنی­دار صفات مورد مطالعه در اثر غلظت بالاتر مس نشان­دهنده آنست که ماش گیاهی حساس به تنش آلودگی مس می­باشد. مقایسه میانگین ترکیبات تیماری نشان­داد که کاربرد کود­­­­­­ شیمیایی و P. indica در غلظت­های پایین سبب افزایش تحمل گیاه در برابر سمیت مس شدند و در مقابل در غلظت­های بالا استفاده از S. meliloti منجر به تحمل بهتر سمیت مس نسبت به سایر تیمارها گردید.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth Traits and Yield Components of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) under Copper Toxicity Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Amiryan Chelan 1
  • Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab 2
  • Rouhollah Amini 2
  • Mohammad Reza Sarikhani 3
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of copper and application of biological and chemical fertilizers on morphological traits, yield components and grain yield of mung-bean (Vigna radiata L.), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was soil contamination with copper including 0, 50, 100 and 200­mg/kg of soil and the second factor was different fertilizer treatments including  chemical fertilizer, Sinorhizobium meliloti bacterium, Piriformospora indica mycorrhizal-like fungus, Sinorhizobium + Piriformospora and no fertilizer treatment (control). The results showed that plant height, leaf number and leaf area per plant were decreased under high Cu concentration and the highest values were observed in application of P. indica. The highest shoot and root dry weight of mung beanwere obtained at 50­mg/kg Cu. Application of P. indica, S. meliloti and chemical fertilizer increased the root dry weight more than other treatments. The highest grain yield per plant (1.045­g) was obtained by application of chemical fertilizer in 0 ­mg/kg of Cu. Fertilizer treatments had no significant effect on pod number, but the application of P. indica + R. meliloti increased the seed number per pod. Significant decreases in studied traits of mung-bean in higher concentrations of Cu indicate that mung-bean is susceptible to copper toxicity stress.  The mean comparison of the fertilizer treatments showed that application of chemical fertilizer and P. indica in lower concentrations of Cu resulted in increase of mung-bean tolerance to Cu toxicity. Also at high concentrations, using S. meliloti resulted in higher tolerance to Cu toxicity compared with other treatments.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological Fertilizer
  • Leaf Area
  • Mung Bean
  • Mycorrhizal-Like
  • Phytoremediation
  • Rhizobium
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