ارزیابی پایداری زیست‌محیطی کشاورزی در استان آذربایجان شرقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 اقتصاد کشاورزی، گرایش اقتصاد منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز.

2 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده فنی مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

محیط­زیست بستر فعالیت­های کشاورزی است و منابع طبیعی نهاده­های تولید آن می­باشند، بنابراین با توجه به ارتباط وسیع کشاورزی با منابع طبیعی و محیط­زیست به نظر می­رسد که پایداری کشاورزی نقش مهمی در حفاظت از سرمایه­های طبیعی و محیط­زیست داشته باشد. با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع در توسعه پایدار، این تحقیق به ارزیابی پایداری زیست­محیطی کشاورزی شهرستان­های استان آذربایجان شرقی با استفاده از تحلیل سلسله مراتب گروهی (AHP) می­پردازد. وزن شاخص­ها از طریق نظرسنجی از گروه کارشناسان تعیین شد و سایر اطلاعات لازم از منابع ثانویه نظیر سازمان جهاد کشاورزی، سازمان آب منطقه­ای و سالنامه­های آماری استان آذربایجان شرقی در سال 1394 جمع­آوری گردید. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد شاخص­های درصد مصرف آب غیرکشاورزی، سیستم­های کارآمد آبیاری و سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی، به ترتیب با وزن نسبی 129/0، 116/0 و 094/0، از دیدگاه گروه کارشناسان عوامل مهمی هستند که بر میزان پایداری تأثیر می­گذارند. رتبه­بندی میزان پایداری نشان داد شهرستان­هایی که در شمال و شمال­شرقی استان واقع شده­اند دارای پایداری زیست­محیطی بیشتری هستند، اما شهرستان­هایی که در گوشه جنوب­غربی استان و در حاشیه دریاچه ارومیه قرار دارند، دارای پایداری زیست­محیطی کمتری می­باشند. همچنین نتایج این مطالعه نقاط ضعف شهرستان­های مختلف استان را در دستیابی به پایداری زیست­محیطی کشاورزی آشکار کرد. با توجه به نتایج حاصله پیشنهاد می­شود با گسترش سیستم­های آبیاری تحت فشار، اصلاح انهار و سیستم­های سنتی انتقال آب در مزارع، مقابله با حفر چاه­های غیرمجاز و تغییر الگوی کشت متناسب با شرایط تغییر اقلیم به کاهش مصرف آب کشاورزی و تقویت منابع آبی زیرزمینی استان کمک نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Environmental Sustainability of Agriculture in East Azerbaijan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marziyeh Manafi Mollayousefi 1
  • Babollah Hayati 2
  • Esmaeil Pishbahar 2
  • Javad Nematian 3
چکیده [English]

     The environment is the basis for the agricultural activities and natural resources are its production inputs. Therefore it seems that agricultural sustainability plays an important role in protecting natural capital and environment, considering the wide relation among agriculture with natural resources and environment. Due to the importance of this subject in sustainable development, this research evaluates the environmental sustainability of agriculture in counties of East Azerbaijan province by using of Group Analytic Hierarchy Process. The indicators weight were determined by survey from experts group and other required data have been collected from the secondary sources, including the Agriculture Jihad, Regional Water organization and statistical yearbooks of East Azerbaijan province in 2015. The results showed that experts group believed that indicators of non-agricultural water use, efficient irrigation systems and, ground-water level with relative importance 0.129, 0.116 and 0.094 respectively were the important factors that influenced the sustainability. The results of the sustainability classification showed that the counties located in the north and northeast of the province have more environmental sustainability, while the counties located in the southwest of the province and on the coast of the Urmia Lake have worse environmental sustainability. Also, the results of this study revealed the weaknesses of various counties of the province in achieving environmental sustainability of agriculture. According to the results, it is suggested that with the expansion of pressure irrigation systems, refinement the traditional water transfer systems in farms, prevention of unauthorized well drilling and changing the cropping pattern adapted to climate change conditions, help to the reduction of agricultural water consumption and strengthen the underground water resources of the province.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agriculture
  • East Azerbaijan Province
  • Environmental Sustainability
  • Evaluation
  • Group Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
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