مدیریت تلفیقی علف‌های‌هرز بادرشبو ((Dracocephalum moldavica L. با استفاده از مقادیر کاهش یافته علف‌کش‌ و مالچ کلش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشگده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

           آزمایش به منظور بررسی مدیریت تلفیقی علف­های­هرز بادرشبو در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز در سال 1396 اجرا شد. در این مطالعه تیمار­های آزمایش شامل مقادیر 100 درصد توصیه شده علف‌کش­های تریفلورالین و پندیمتالین (به ترتیب  5/2 و 5/4 لیتر در هکتار) و50 درصد توصیه شده آنها به تنهایی و در تلفیق با مالچ کلش گندم (5 تن در هکتار) بود. کاربرد علفکش­ها به همراه مالچ کلشی تاثیر بیشتری در کنترل علف­های­هرز مزرعه در مقایسه با کاربرد علفکش بدون مالچ داشت. اثر علفکش تریفلورالین در کاهش زیست توده علف­های­هرز بیشتر از علفکش پندیمتالین بود. بیشترین کاهش زیست­توده علف­هرز (8/83 درصد) در تیمار 100 درصد تریفلورالین + مالچ مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد سر شاخه گل دار بادرشبو (948 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار کاربرد 100 درصد تریفلورالین + مالچ  مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین عملکرد اسانس  بادرشبو در تیمار 100 درصد تریفلورالین + مالچ (3/6 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کمترین مقدار (06/2 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار 100 درصد پندیمتالین حاصل گردید. به طور کلی استفاده از 100 درصد تریفلورالین + مالچ کلشی کنترل مطلوبی روی علف­های­هرز داشت و باعث افزایش صفات رشدی و عملکرد اسانس بادرشبو شد. تیمار مدیریتی 50 درصد تریفلورالین + مالچ کلش کارایی کنترل علف هرز و عملکرد اسانس مساوی با تیمار 100 درصد تریفلورالین داشت و می­تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای این تیمار در راستای کاهش مصرف علفکش و مدیریت تلفیقی هلف های هرز بادرشبو باشد. 
 
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Integrated Weed Management of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) Using Reduced Rates of Herbicides and Straw Mulch

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atefeh Ebrahimi
  • Rohollah Amini
  • Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab
چکیده [English]

       In order to evaluate the integrated weed management of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural Research Farm of University of Tabriz, in 2016. The experimental treatments were different herbicide rates including 100 and 50% of recommended dose of trifluralin and pendimethalin (2.5 and 4.5 L.ha-1, respectively) alone and integrated with straw mulch (5 t ha-1). The application of herbicides combined with straw mulch had higher efficacy than herbicide treatments without mulch in weeds control. The effect of trifluralin in weed biomass reduction was greater than that of pendimethalin. The highest weed biomass reduction (83.8%) was observed in trifluralin 100% + straw mulch. All growth and yield traits of Moldavian balm were significantly affected by weed management treatment except essential oil percentage. The highest flowering head yield of Moldavian balm (948 kg ha-1) was observed in trifluralin 100% + straw mulch treatment. Also the highest essential oil yield of Moldavian balm was achieved in trifluralin 100% + straw mulch (6.3 kg ha-1) and the lowest one was achieved in pendimethalin 100% (2.06 kg ha-1). Generally application of trifluralin 100% + straw mulch had suitable weed control and increased the growth traits and essential oil yield of Moldavian balm. The management treatment of trifluralin 50% + straw mulch had the same weed control efficacy and essential oil yield as trifluralin 100% and could be suitable replacement for this treatment along with reduction of herbicide application and integrated weed management of Moldavian balm.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential Oil Yield
  • Moldavian Balm
  • Pendimethalin
  • Herbicide
  • Straw Mulch
  • Trifluralin
Adesemoye AO, Torbert, HA and Kloepper  JW. 2008. Enhanced plant nutrient use efficiency with PGPR and AMF in an integrated nutrient management system. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 54: 876-886.
Ahmadi Kakavandi R. 2018. Application of trifluralin and kerosene reduced rates with mulch in integrated weed management of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). M.Sc. Thesis. Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. Iran.  (In Persian).                                   
Amini R, Mobli A and Aghajani Z. 2016. Herbicides – Environmental Impact Studies and Management Approaches (Translation). University of Tabriz Press.
 Amini R, Pezhgan H and Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A. 2013. Effect of weeds competition on some growth parameters of red, white and pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences. 3(5): 86-93.
Amini R, Pezhgan H and Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A. 2014. Evaluating the competitive ability of different common bean genotypes against the weeds. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12 (3): 491-501. (In Persian)
Amini R, Yousefi A. 2014. Using reduced rates of trifluralin and hand weeding in sustainable weed management of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 24(2): 95-105. (In Persian).
Behgam M, Amini R, Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab A. 2019. Effect of integrated weed management methods on yield and yield components of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 28(4): 175-190. (In Persian).
Bilalis D, Sidiras N, Economou G and Vakali C. 2003. Effect of different levels of straw soil surface coverage on weed flora in Vicia faba. Crop Science, 189: 233-241.
Burgos NR and Talbert RE. 1996. Weed control and sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa) response in a no-till system with cover crops. Weed Science, 44: 355-361.
Carrubba A, La Torre  R and Matranga A. 2002. Cultivation trials of some aromatic and medicinal plants in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment. Proceedings of an International Conference on MAP, Acta Horticulture (ISHS), 978(1): 4200-6315.
Darzi MT, Ghalavand A, Rejali F and Sefidkon F. 2006. Effect of biofertilizers application on yield and yield components in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(4): 276-292. (In Persian).
Dastmalchi K, Dorman H D, Laakso I and Hiltunen R. 2007. Chemical composition and antioxidative activity of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) extracts. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 40(9): 1655-1663.
Farokhbakht O, Lorzadeh Sh and Khodarahmpour Z. 2010. Evaluation of effect of integrated weeds management on yield and yield of components of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) in the North of Khuzestan. Scientific Journal Management System, 2(6): 1-12. (In Persian).
Forouzin F, and Nour-Abadi A. 2011. Evaluating the integrated weed management methods in reduction of environmental effects of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). National Symposium of Climate Change and its Effect on Agriculture and Environment. Orumiyeh, Iran.
Gibson KD, Mc Milan J, Hallett SG, Jordan T and Weller SC. 2011. Effect of living mulch on weed seed banks in tomato. Weed Technology, 25(2): 245-251.
Gity S and Raoofy M. 2017. Yield, essential oil and some morphological characteristics of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) influenced by hand weeding and plant density. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 27(1):14-23. (In Persian).
Izedi Darbandi E, Bogeh Pooramraei M and Barmak H. 2015. Evaluation of different herbicides efficacy in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) weed control. Weed Research Journal, 7 (1): 21-34. (In Persian).
Judice WE, Griffin JL, Etheredag LM, and Jones CA. 2007. Effects of crop residue management and tillage on weed control and sugarcane production. Weed Technology. 21: 606-611.
Kaffash Pivezhani V. 2017. Effect of integrated management treatments on weeds characteristics and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed yield. M.Sc. Thesis. Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. Iran. (In Persian).
Mahmoodi S and Rahimi A. 2009. Estimation of critical period for weed control in corn in Iran. World Academic Science of Engineering Technology, 49: 67-72.
Mohammad Dust Chamanabad HR. 2011. Scientific and practical introduction to the basics of weed control. JIHAD Press Organization. 236 P.
Mohammadi GR. 2004. Evaluating the effects of different weed interference periods on some ecophysiological and agronomic traits in chickpea. Ph.D. Thesis.  Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture. University of Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian).
Nosrati I, Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab A, Shakiba MR, Amini R. 2017. Evaluating the cultural and physical methods and reduced doses of herbicide in integrated weed management of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 27(3): 78-110. (In Persian).
Omidbaigi R. 2007. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (vol.2). Astane Ghods Razavi, Mashhad. 438 P. (In Persian).
 Omidbeigi R. 1997. Approach to production and processing of medicinal plants. Publishing of Tarrahan Nashr. Second volume.
Rahimi MR, Yousefi AR, Jamshidi Kh, Pouryousef M, and Fotovat R. 2015. The study efficiency of reduced rate of pendimethalin integrated with mulch and hand-weeding in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Journal of Plant Protection, 29(4): 521-530. (In Persian).
Rashed Mohasel MH and Mousavi SK. 2006. Principles of weed management (Translation). JDM Publication Institute, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian). 322 P.
Sarencheh S. 2018. Evaluating the application efficiency of different herbicides rates integrated with straw mulch and hand weeding in weed management of Borage (Borago officinalis L.). M.Sc. Thesis. Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. Iran. (In Persian).
Vafadar Yengageh L, Amini R and Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A. 2018. Assessment of growth characteristics and yield of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica) under different fertilizer treatments in intercropping with faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 28(2): 35-51. (In Persian).
Wallace J. 2001. Organic Field Crop Handbook. Pub. Canadian Organic Growers. Ottana, Ontario
Wicks GA, Crutch Eld DA and Burnaside OC. 1994. Influence of wheat (Tritticum avestivum L.) straw mulch and metolachlor on corn (Zea mays L.) growth and yield. Weed Science, 42:141-147.
Yousefi AR, Pouryousef M, Osanloo Z and Inanloo A. 2012. Response of grass and broadleaf weeds to different rate of trifluralin: implementation for weed control in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). In: Proceeding 1th National Congress on Medicinal Plants, Kish Island, Iran, P. 397.
Zhang J, Zheng L, Jack O, Yan D, Zhang Z, Gerhards R and Ni H .2013. Efficacy of four post-emergence herbicides applied at reduced doses on weeds in summer maize (Zea mays L.) fields in North China Plain. Crop Protection, 52: 26-32.