پاسخ کمی و کیفی گیاه بومی چوچاق (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv.) به کاربرد تیمارهای کودی تلفیقی شیمیایی، آلی و زیستی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف: امروزه به منظور حفظ عملکرد، استفاده بیش ‌از حد کودهای شیمیایی متداول شده است که مشکلاتی را در پی دارد. کاربرد تیمارهای تلفیقی کود آلی و شیمیایی می‌تواند از شدت مشکل‌ها بکاهد.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: برای انتخاب تیمار کودی منطبق با اهداف کشاورزی پایدار در گیاه چوچاق، آزمایشی بصورت کرت‌های خرد شده در زمان، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1395-1394 اجرا گردید. تیمارهای کودی شاهد، شیمیایی، دامی و قارچ میکوریزا Glomus mosseae، به صورت مجزا و تلفیقی به عنوان تیمار اصلی و مراحل برداشت شامل رشد سریع اولیه، ابتدای به ساقه رفتن، رشد مجدد بعد از به بذر رفتن به عنوان تیمار فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند.

یافته‌ها : کاربرد تیمارهای کودی و مرحله‌ی برداشت بر تعداد برگ، عملکرد خشک، تولید فنل، فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و عملکرد اسانس اثرگذار بود. بالاترین مقدار فنول (mg GAE.g-1 dry sample 76) در تیمار کود شیمیایی NPK (Kg.ha-1 200) در سومین مرحله برداشت و بیشترین تعداد برگ (28) و عملکرد خشک (Kg.ha-177/498)، درصد اسانس (17/0) و عملکرد اسانس (Kg.ha-185/0)، فلاونوئید (mg QE.g-1 dry sample 01/41) و آنتی اکسیدان (%64/85) در برداشت در مرحله رشد مجدد بعد از به بذر رفتن و تحت تیمار تلفیقی کود شیمیایی (Kg.ha-1 200) + دام
(Kg.ha-1 20)  حاصل شد. کارایی تیمارهای کودی دامی و میکوریزا با گذشت زمان بهبود یافت
 
نتیجه‌گیری: با در نظر گرفتن واکنش مطلوب چوچاق به کودهای ترکیبی، توصیه می‌شود که در بهینه‌سازی تولید از مزایای کاربرد غلظت‌های کاهش‌یافته کودهای شیمیایی در ترکیب با منابع زیستی بهره برد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Quantitative and Qualitative Response of Eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv.) as an Endemic Plant to Integrated Application of Chemical, Organic and Bio Fertilizers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Daneshfar
  • Majed Azizi
  • Hossein Aroei
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background & Objective: Soil low fertility resulted from continuous chemical fertilizer application turned to be a challenge to sustainable agricultural production. Complementary application of chemical and organic fertilizers is a fertilizer management strategy and a practical solution for reducing the dependency to chemical fertilizer.
 
Materials & Methods: Since little reports about eryngo reaction toward fertilization exist, a field experiment based on split-plot design with 3 replications with two treatments, fertilization as the main plot with 8 treatments and harvesting stage as sub-plot with three developmental phases was conducted in 2016 in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Results: The results revealed that appropriate application of organic with inorganic fertilizers increased eryngo’s productivity and its phytochemical constituent. NPK fertilizer (200 Kg.ha-1) + CM (20 t.ha-1) in leaf number per plant (28), herb yield (498.77 Kg.ha-1), flavonoid (41.10 mg QE .g-1 dry sample), antioxidant (85.64%), essential oil percentage (0.17%W/W) and yield (0.85 Kg.ha-1) at last harvest resulted to the highest amounts. The minimum amounts were produced at control and first harvest. Mycorrhizae symbiosis and Manure treatments in the first harvest did not represent any difference with control but over time, the difference grew up into a considerable level. Result showed that the effects of conventional 100% NPK and 50% CM + 50% NPK fertilizers were almost similar. Application of these fertilizers increased yield and phytochemical traits.
Conclusion: In view of the positive reaction of eryngo toward fertilization specially to integrated treatments, we can take advantage of these fertilizations to produce safe and healthy crop.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant
  • Eryngo
  • Fertilization
  • Harvest Stage
  • Yield
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